Gyrotactic microorganisms bioconvection in combined convective magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow over a vertically surfaced saturated porous media with variable viscosity

The current article focuses on mass and thermal transfer analysis of a two-dimensional immovable combined convective nanofluid flow including motile microorganisms with temperature-dependent viscosity on top of a vertical plate through a porous medium, and a model has been developed to visualize the velocity slip impacts on a nonlinear partial symbiotic flow. The governed equations include all of the above physical conditions, and suitable nondimensional transfigurations are utilized to transfer the governed conservative equations to a nonlinear system of differential equations and obtain numerical solutions by using the Shooting method. Numerical studies have been focusing on the effects of intricate dimensionless parameters, namely, the Casson fluid parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Peclet number, bioconvection parameter, and Rayleigh number, which have all been studied on various profiles such as momentum, thermal, concentration, and density of microorganisms. The concentration boundary layer thickness and density of microorganisms increased as the Casson fluid parameter, Brownian and thermophoresis parameters increased, whereas the bioconvection parameter, Peclet number, and Rayleigh number increased. The thermal boundary layer thickness, concentration boundary layer thickness, and density of microorganisms all decreased. The velocity distribution decreases as the Peclet number, bioconvection, and thermophoresis parameters rise but rises as the Rayleigh number, Brownian motion parameter, and Casson fluid parameter rise. These are graphed via plots along with divergent fluid parameters.     

Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate on Structural,Electrical and Optical Properties of Zinc Aluminum Oxide Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering

Semiconductors - Zinc Aluminum Oxide thin films were deposited on glass substrates by reactive DC magnetron sputtering method by varying oxygen flow rates from 1 to 4 sccm. Glancing angle X-ray...     

Synchronization of Fractional Order Neutral Type Fuzzy Cellular Neural Networks with Discrete and Distributed Delays via State Feedback Control

Neural Processing Letters - The motivation behind this paper is to explore the issue of synchronization of fractional order neutral type fuzzy cellular neural networks with state feedback control....     

Modeling of cobalt and lead adsorption by Ficus benghalenesis L. in a fixed bed column

Heavy metals presence in waste water is detrimental to human and animal health. Treatment of such contaminated waters emanating from various process industries is needed to make the reuse of water possible. Adsorption is a useful technique available for treatment of such waste waters. Several studies with different adsorbents have been reported in the literature but their relevance is limited to small quantities of waste waters as those studies were conducted in batch mode. Continuous contacting is the only viable option to augment the treatment capacity and this calls for further study to understand the impact of relevant parameters on continuous adsorption. In the present article, treatment of cobalt and lead laden waste water with Ficus benghalenesis leaf powder as the adsorbent is studied in a laboratory scale fixed bed column. Effect of operating parameters such as inlet flow rate (1–2?mL/min), bed height (2–4?cm), and feed metal ion concentration (20–100?mg/L) on the breakthrough curve is reported. The highest uptake capacities realized are 11.09?mg/g for cobalt and 12.27?mg/g for lead, when a 20-mg/L metal solution is admitted at 1.0?mL/min in to a 2-cm long bed of the adsorbent. Experimental data collected are tested to three empirical models: Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models and parametric values of the three models evaluated. Experimental results confirmed the suitability of the sorbent for Co(II) and Pb(II) ion adsorption with adsorptive nature being favorable, efficient, and environment friendly.     

Studies on the removal of Cobalt(II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption with Ficus benghalensis leaf powder through response surface methodology

Suitability of Ficus benghalensis leaf powder for the adsorptive removal of Cobalt(II) from aqueous solutions is exhaustively studied and is reported in this article. Experimentation based on response surface methodology is conducted to understand the interaction among the variables—metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH and temperature that are of significance in the treatment. A 20?mg?L^?1 of Cobalt(II) solution, treated with 25?g?L^?1 of adsorbent at a pH of 5.0 and a temperature of 303?K, yielded 98.73% removal of Cobalt(II). Langmuir isotherm proved to be a better model representation of the equilibrium. Adsorption kinetics is of pseudo second rate form. Maximum sorption capacity of F. benghalensis leaf powder, q_max, is found to be 5.65?mg?g^?1. Adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Study on surface morphology is included in the study.     

Effect of processing on nutraceutical properties of foxtail millet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Setaria italica</Emphasis>) varieties grown in India

Six foxtail varieties grown in India were studied for their nutraceutical properties such as phenolics, tannins and antioxidant activity in whole, dehulled (10 and 17 %) and hulls (10 and 17 %) of the grain. Total antioxidant activity was estimated by three different assays viz., Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil radical scavenging activity (DRSA), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Among the six varieties, SiA-2593 had highest mean total phenolics (TP) (143.56 ± 55 μg PE/g), tannins (413.80 ± 58 mg/100 g), FRAP (1477.83 ± 26 μmol/g), DRSA (81.53 ± 6.9 %) and lowest TBARS (688.04 ± 39 %) followed by SiA-2644. Dehulling of the grain reduced TP by 24.64 and 43.11 %, tannins by 16.13 and 29.61 %, FRAP by 12.09 and 18.81 %, DRSA by 4.07 and 14.76 % and increase of TBARS by 45.29 and 58.21 % at 10 and 17 % dehulling. The hulls obtained after dehulling had higher percentage of TP, tannins, antioxidant activity (higher FRAP and DRSA and lower TBARS value), a positive correlation was observed between FRAP and Tannin (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) and TP (r = 0.86, P < 0.01) values and a negative correlation with TBARS (r = 0.85, P < 0.01). The results of the present study are useful in selecting the foxtail millet variety and processing conditions for development of functional and nutraceutical foods for various health benefits, however the functional properties of these varieties need to be studied.     

Optimization,equilibrium, and kinetic studies of adsorptive removal of cobalt(II) from aqueous solutions using Cocos nucifera L.

Water discharged by several industries contains toxins, and it needs to be treated before disposal or reuse. In the present study, feasibility of adsorptive removal of Cobalt(II) ion in waste water, using Cocos nucifera leaf powder, is exhaustively studied and reported. Effects of contributing parameters like Cobalt(II) ion concentration, initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and temperature are studied and the levels of parameters optimized, following a two level?four full-factorial experimental design with 6 center points and 24 non-center points. 15?g/L of Cocos nucifera leaf powder could reduce the Cobalt(II) ion concentration by 84.82% in 70?min at a pH of 5.0 and a temperature of 303?K. Freundlich model is marginally superior to Langmuir, Halsey, and Temkin models in representing the equilibrium, at the optimized conditions. Pseudo-second-order kinetics model describes the adsorption process with a rate constant of 0.1238?g/mg-min. From thermodynamic analysis, it is noted that the adsorption is endothermic and facilitated.     

Numerical simulation of Dufour and Soret impacts on MHD Williamson nanofluid flow through an inclined surface

The carry-outs of Dufour and Soret, as well as radiation, and chemical response on a non-Newtonian MHD Williamson nanofluid flow through an inclined extended plane are discussed in this article. Keller-box analysis is being used to explore the influence of the Williamson factor here on the fluid domain quantitatively. Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are recovered from boundary flow equations using appropriate similarity transformations. These ODEs are numerically addressed. Graphs and comparisons are used to simulate and study the features of flow characteristics such as velocity, temperature, and concentration of Williamson nanofluids distributions in response to various emerging parameters. The numerical computations show that our results are in reasonable harmony with previous studies. The numerical computations revealed that for the time being, the density of the momentum fluid layers is diminishing for the values of $ᴦ$, Le, $\Omega$, M, and increasing for Gc, Gr. The thickness of the thermal boundary layer is decreasing for Sr, Df, Pr, Gc, and Gr. M, $ᴦ$, $\Omega$, R, N, and Le are all on the rise. The concentration profile for R, Le, Nb, Nt, Gr, Gc, and N is decreasing, while Pr, Df, Sr, M, $ᴦ$, and $\Omega$ are increasing.