Genetic Transformation of Watermelon with Pumpkin DNA by Low Energy Ion Beam-mediated Introduction

The No.601 watermelon (citrullus lanatus) seeds were treated with 25 keV N+ implantation at the dosage of 7.8*10 ions/cm2 . After treatment, watermelon seeds were incubated with 380 *g/*l pumpkin (Cucubita, maxima Duch) DNA solution at 35* for 5 hours. By two-generations of selection and resistance screening at seedling stage, one transformed material was selected out, whose rind color is similar to that of the donor pumpkin and whose size of seeds is between that of the donor and the receptor. Using AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique, two polymorphic DNA fragments were amplified. This primarily testified that the donor DNA fragments/gene were introduced into the receptor cell and integrated into the genomic DNA of the receptor.     

氮离子注入油菜M1代的生物学效应

研究了氮离子(N+)注入油菜干种子引发的当代生物学效应.结果表明N+在3.2×1016-4.6×1016/cm2注量范围内处理不影响油菜种子发芽;以3.9×1016/cm2注量处理可提高种子出苗率和成苗率;适当注量处理可促进苗期株高、叶片数和单株鲜重的增加,对成株期叶片数、茎粗、最大叶片长和宽等生物性状以及一次有效分枝数、全株总角果数和单株产量等经济性状均具有明显的生长刺激效应.同时,离子束处理区表现出广泛的变异,变异株率达到3.2%.     

面包小麦品质和产量若干性状的相关性

利用国内外40个面包小麦品种(系)进行了品质和产量若干性状的相关性分析，结果表明，SDS-沉降值与籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量间呈显著正相关，与比沉降值、伯尔辛值、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基品质评分之间呈极显著正相关；籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与比沉降值、伯尔辛克值、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基品质评分之间没有相关性。籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与株粒重、收获指数、穗粒数呈显著或极显著负相关；SDS-沉降值、伯尔辛克值与株粒重等产量性状间几乎没有相关性；比沉降值与株粒重呈弱的正相关，与收获指数呈显著正相关。讨论认为，在现阶段我国小麦品质育种中，筛选和利用具有优良蛋白质品质，比沉降值高的亲本资源来选育高产优质新品种，具有十分重要的意义。     

The Effects of Low-Energy Nitrogen Ion Implantation on Pollen Exine Substructure and Pollen Germination of Cedrus deodara

The aim of this study is to investigate the biological effects of ion beams on pollen. Pollen grains of Cedrus deodara were implanted with 30 keV nitrogen ion beams at doses ranging from 1 × 10^15 ions/cm^2 to 15 × 10^15 ions/cm^2. The effects of N^＋ implantation on the pollen exine substructure were examined using an atomic force microscope （AFM）, and the structure and morphology of pollen and pollen tubes were observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope （LSCM）. AFM observations distinctly revealed the erosion of the pollen exine caused by N^＋ implantation in the micrometer to nanometer range. Typical results showed that the erosion degree was linearly proportional to the ion dose. Pollen germination experiments in vitro indicated that N^＋ implantation within a certain dose range increased the rate of pollen germination. The main abnormal phenomena in pollen tubes were also analyzed. Our results suggest that low energy ion implantation with suitable energy and dosage can be used to break the pollen wall to induce a transfer of exogenous DNA into the pollen without any damage to the cytoplasm and nuclei of the pollen. The present study suggests that a combination of the method of ion-beam-induced gene transfer and the pollen-tube pathway method （PTPW） would be a new plant transformation method.     

离子注入后同源四倍体核雄性不育水稻的育性表达特性

以同源四倍体核不育水稻为研究材料,以氮离子束为诱变源完成了离子注入试验.对离子注入群体进行筛选后以变异单株为基础,在育性分化的敏感期经过低温处理后对其育性表达特性进行了研究.研究结果表明,在氮离子注入剂量为1×1017cm-2的处理中,在同源四倍体核不育水稻的当代群体内出现了比较多的变异单株.在各个变异单株之间其育性表达发生了明显的变异.在育性分化的敏感期经过低温处理后,某些突变体在伴随着发生形态学变异的同时也会发生相应的育性变异,而另一些突变体在发生形态学变异或生育特性变异的情况下仍然保持着其亲本的雄性不育特性.在M3代群体内,各个株系群体内单株之间的农艺性状并没有达到整齐一致的状态,但各个株系在雄性不育性表达上却保持了上一个世代的突变特性.由此认为,氮离子束注入所导致的育性变异在M3代群体内并没有发生进一步的分离.     

Effect of Ar^＋ Implantation and Maize Genome DNA on Autotetraploid Rice

The effect of Ar^＋ beam implantation and maize genome DNA on autotetraploid rice is studied. Better mutation types and higher mutation rates were discovered in M2 of T3 with ion implantation and immersion in maize genome DNA. In the five agronomic categories investigated, the mutation rate of the seed setting rate was 9.1%, and the total mutation rate was 14.8% in the T3. However, the total mutation rate was 2.1% with the treatment of only ion implantation and 1.3% with the treatment of only immersion in maize genome DNA. Mutant FA36（4） was discovered in M1 with ion beam implantation and immersion in maize genome DNA. Its RuBPCase activity, PEPCase activity and seed setting rate were 32%, 153%, and 36.79%, respectively, higher than its parent IR36（4）. Rapid analysis of polymorphicDNA （RAPD） analysis of three M2 plants of FA36（4） （FMI, FM2, FM3） and two controls （purple maize and IR36（4）） were also conducted with 40 random primers. S5-3 was RAPD fragment amplified with a template of purple maize, FM2 and FM3 genome DNA using primer S5. There was no S5-3 in the RAPD pattern of IR36（4） or FMI.     

Effects of Ion Implantation on in Vitro Pollen Germination and Cellular Organization of Pollen Tube in Pinus thunbergii Parl. （Japanese Black Pine）

Low-energy ion implantation, as a new technology to produce mutation in plant breeding, has been widely applied in agriculture in China. But so far there is a little understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for its biological effects at the cellular level. Here we report the biological effects of a nitrogen ion beams of 30 keV on the pollen grains of Pinus thunbergii Parl. In general, ion implantation inhibited pollen germination. The dose-response curve presented a particular saddle-like pattern. Ion implantation also changed the dimension of the elongated tubes and significantly induced tip swelling. Confocal microscopy indicated that the pollen tube tips in P. thunbergii contained an enriched network of microtubules. Ion implantation led to the disruption of microtubules especially in swollen tips. Treatment with colchicine demonstrated that tip swelling was caused by the disruption of microtubules in the tip, indicating a unique role for microtubules in maintaining the tip integrality of the pollen tube in conifer. Our results suggest that ion implantation induce the disruption of microtubule organization in pollen and pollen tubes and subsequently cause morphological abnormalities in the pollen tubes. This study may provide a clue for further investigation on the interaction between low-energy ion beams and pollen tube growth.     

略论水稻生殖发育基因研究的相关应用目标

从水稻遗传育种学角度探讨了研究水稻生殖发育基因的重大意义,提出了水稻生殖发育基因研究的６个相关应用目标。     

N+束诱变水稻再生植株的植物学性状研究

为挖掘无融合生殖种质,并为"一系法"杂交水稻的选育提供参考,以低能N+束注入诱变所得同源四倍体双胚苗突变水稻的再生植株,及其原始亲本和实生后代为研究材料,研究了3份不同世代材料的农艺性状、芒的特征和谷粒性状.结果表明,在农艺性状上,这3份材料之间无显著性差异.与原始亲本相比,再生植株的芒长显著减少,在谷粒性状上差异较大...     

一种评价面包小麦面筋强度快速简便的新方法

面筋—乳酸溶液透光率是测定小麦面筋强度的一个快速有效的新方法,该方法的原理是测定面筋在弱酸中的不溶性,方法的优点是快速、简便、不受面筋含量的影响。本文报道了该方法的建立过程并予以验证。