Nutrient Recommendations for Growing-up Milk: A Report of an Expert Panel

Utilization of expert recommendations in the development of food and beverage nutritional profiles represents an opportunity to merge science and food manufacturing to deliver nutritionally optimized products into the marketplace. This report details expert panel guidelines for the design of a nutritional product for children one to six years of age. This interaction demonstrates the essential synergy between academia and food manufacturers in translating nutrient recommendations to food for their delivery to a population. Important factors for such translation are the identification of applicable nutrient recommendations and selection of an appropriate delivery matrix. This report demonstrates the translation of expert nutritional recommendations to a milk-based product for children—one to six years of age.     

Coordinated strategies for controlling micronutrient malnutrition: a technical workshop

Participants in a November 1991 workshop concluded that coordinated strategies for controlling malnutrition due to iodine, iron, vitamin A and other micronutrients deficiencies are technically feasible and should be given consideration in planning control efforts. Coordinated surveys involving clinical, biochemical and dietary assessment of multiple micronutrients are feasible. Multiple fortification is also possible using such vehicles as salt, processed rice or sugar. Supplementation efforts can be integrated with existing health care programs. Food-based strategies are also effective. The best examples have been community-based and have included a strong nutrition and health education component designed to change food consumption patterns, improve food preservation and preparation practices, and link income-generating activities with food production activities. Successful coordinated efforts will require a strong political commitment and a supportive infrastructure. Specific recommendations include the formation of national coordinating bodies for micronutrient deficiency control, establishment of a micronutrient information network and expansion of technical exchange and training.     

Integrated treatment scheme for rubber thread wastewater: sulfide precipitation and biological processes

In this study, acidic latex wastewater containing high average zinc and acetic contents of 816mgL(-1) and 20,862mgCODL(-1), respectively, was treated successfully by a series of chemical and biological processes without any addition of acid or base for pH adjustment. Total dissolved solids of the treated effluent increased by only 1.1-fold on average for sulfide precipitation as compared to 2.8-fold for the hydroxide strategy. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value of 0mV was used successfully as an indicator for optimum sulfide addition which consistently provided an appreciable reduction in effluent concentrations to less than 1 and 2mgL(-1) for zinc and residual sulfide, respectively. The anaerobic filter was very stable in handling the chemically treated wastewater up to the organic loading rate of 11.8gCODL(-1)day(-1) with an average efficiency of 92%. Methane production and biomass yield were 0.32L(gCOD(removed))(-1) and 0.014gVSS (gCOD(removed))(-1), respectively. For the activated sludge process, the optimum sludge age and hydraulic retention time were 30 and 0.8 days, respectively, which are equivalent to the organic loading rates of 2.50gCODL(-1)day(-1) or 2.13gBODL(-1)day(-1). Under these optimum conditions, average removal efficiencies for COD and BOD were 96.6 and 99.4%. Average soluble COD, BOD and suspended solids in the effluent were 71, 11 and 38mgL(-1), respectively. This integrated treatment scheme was proven to be an effective approach for highly polluted and toxic rubber thread wastewater.