流动液体中夹杂物超声去除的影响因素

以高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）颗粒和水形成的悬浮液为研究体系。考察了有无超声波作用下。介质流量、夹杂物数量以及夹杂物的粒径对总去除率、上浮去除率、壁面粘附去除率的影响。实验结果表明，在短时间内（30s)超声波对流动液体中的夹杂物具有明显的去除效果。总去除率达93％。夹杂物的总去除率随着超声波输入电功率的增大而提高；超声波对较多数量或较大粒径的夹杂物去除效果更显著。超声波作用下流动液体中的夹杂物比静止液体中的更容易去除。超声波对流动液体中夹杂物去除效果的去除机理主要是通过气泡捕获夹杂物，超声空化效应产生直接包裹夹杂物的气泡以及通过夹杂物碰撞凝聚使夹杂物容易上浮实现去除。     

近液相线半连续铸造A356铝合金显微组织

采用近液相线半连续铸造法制备铸造A356铝合金，获得金属半固态加工要求的细小，等轴的“非枝晶”组织，研究了铸造温度、保温时间及冷却速度对该组织的影响规律。结果表明，在液相线附近，降低铸造温度，有利于减小晶粒尺寸；晶粒平均等积圆直径最小可达42．6μm，初始固相体积分数最多可达98．4％，同一温度下，晶粒尺寸随保温时间的延长而粗化；冷却速度快，晶粒尺寸细小；同一铸锭，其中心部位的组织比边缘部位的组织粗大，且分布均匀、等轴特征明显。     

304奥氏体钢的高温高压氢腐蚀

定氢分析和扫描电镜观察证实在450℃和5MPa氢气中服役20000h的304奥氏体钢发生了氢蚀透射电镜分析表明,氢蚀原因是Cr_(23)C_6碳化物存在实验和热力学分析都表明,长大期内的CH_4气泡周围Cr并未贫化     

PREPARATION OF B-N FILMS BY ION BEAM ASSISTED DEPOSITION

BN films,synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition,were analysed by RBS,AES,IR spectra and TEM.Formatiom of c-BN phase was shown not only by IR spectra atabsorption peak of 1100 cm~(-1),but also by electron diffraction pattern.The results ofAES demonstrate an effect of N~+ implantation near the film surface.The deposited filmsconsist of three layers,i.e.,ion implantation layer,film layer and mixed intermediatelayer,according to the difference of concentration.The micro-Knoop hardness of the film is25—35 GPa.     

HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION AND STRUCTURE OF SCALE AND WHISKERS FOR Fe-Ni-Cr SEALING ALLOYS

The oxidation rate,the growth,morphology and structure of oxide scale and whiskers forFe-Ni-Cr sealing alloys in H_2-H_2O atmosphere at high temperatures have been studied.The growth rate of scale is controlled by diffusion.The scale is composed of Cr_2O_3 andspinel(Fe,Mn)O·Cr_2O_3 and the oxide whisker,are spinel(Fe,Mn)O·Cr_2O_3.     

液相流动对柱晶一次间距的影响

利用带有对流驱动系统的定向凝固装置,研究了液相稳定流动时透明合金SCN-2wt-％Ace定向凝固的动态过程.结果表明:流动显著改变定向凝固柱状晶的一次间距枝晶的间距增大,主要是流动与枝端浓度场耦合作用的结果;胞晶的间距变小,主要是侧向分枝转向生长的结果     

CREEP CRACK PROPAGATION IN CONVENTIONAL CAST AND DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED SUPERALLOY RENE 80

The creep crack propagation in superalloy René80 of two different microstructures,i.e.,equiaxed grain structure by conventional casting and columnar grain by directionalsolidification,was investigated under static load at 1123 K.The creep crack growth rate,da/dt,seems to be correlated with the stress intensity factor,K.The creep crack growth ratein the directionally solidified alloy is lower than that in the conventional cast alloy,owing tothe elimination of transverse grain boundaries.The effect of microstructure on creep crackpropagation has also been discussed.     

激光熔覆对改善等离子涂层界面结合性能的研究

研究激光熔覆对改善等离子涂层界面的作用,基体待喷表面采用激光熔覆工艺预处理,在涂层－基体的界面处形成成分、显微硬度呈梯度分布的熔覆层,三点弯曲试验结果表明：界面梯度有显改善喷涂材料的界面结合状况,使界面承受外载茶的能力提高,并用相关的有限元程序分析了试样承载时界面处剪切应力的分布。     

Phosphoric Acid-assisted Pretreatment Strategy for the Rational Synthesis of Lignin-derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Toward High-performance Supercapacitors

In this article, a facile two-step activation method, coupled with phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)-assisted pretreatment and followed KOH activation, was reported for constructing hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) materials derived from lignin. The introduction of H₃PO₄, cross-linked with lignin sources generated phosphate (and/or polyphosphate) ester groups throughout the lignin structure, which endowed the pre-activated intermediate char (IC) with a hierarchical porous structure. Such phosphate esters contributed to the multi-scale pore structure within the pre-activated IC, which was beneficial for the uniform distribution and impregnation of subsequent KOH activators, thus leading to the formation of HPC materials. The as-prepared HPC exhibited a large specific surface area (SSA) of 1345.1 m²/g, which ensures the accessibility of the ion diffusion pathways. The supercapacitors integrated with HPC delivered a high specific capacitance of 241 F/g (in a three-electrode system) and outstanding rate capability with an 80.9% capacitance retention from 0.5 A/g to an ultra-high current density of 50 A/g.