NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW AND BED SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION AROUND THE SPAN SHOULDER OF PIPELINE

1 .　INTRODUCTIONWhena pipelineis placedonanerodibleseabed ,freespanmaydevelopastheresultoflocalscourunderthepipeline .Oneofthemostimpor tantissuesinpipelinestabilitydesignistheevalua tionofthefreespanlengthandtherateatwhichthefreespandevelopsalongthespandirectionduetothescour .Bothfreespanlengthandtherateofscourdevelopmentdependonflowconditionsaroundthespanshoulders.Sincemostofthescourinvestigationsintheopenliteraturewereonthescourdepthorscourdevelopmentinthe perpendiculardirectionofpipe…     

REFLECTION OF OBLIQUE INCIDENT WAVES BY PERFORATED CAISSONS WITH TRAVERSE WALL

The interaction of oblique incident waves with infinite number of perforated caissons is investigated. The fluid domain is divided into infinite sub-domains by the caissons, and eigen-function expansion is applied to expand velocity potentials in each domain. A phase relation is introduced for wave oscillation in each caisson, and the structure geometry is considered in constructing the models of reflection waves. The reflected waves with the present analysis include all of the waves traveling in different directions when incident wave period is short. Numerical examinations show that velocities at the inner and outer sides of the front walls of caissons are close to each other, and reflection coefficients satisfy the energy conservation relation very well when porous effect parameter is infinite. Numerical results show that the reflection coefficients of oblique incident waves are smaller for shorter caissons at low frequency, and decrease with the increase of wave incident angle.     

福建沿海地区偷渡现象探析

福建沿海地区的偷渡现象集中于长乐、福清、平潭、连江等地，各地偷渡客尽管在去向上“各成一路”，但在偷渡的成因、方式、造成的社会问题等方面，其共性显现无遗，共同促成了福建沿海地区独特的偷渡文化。偷渡现象客观上为沿海各地缓解就业压力，增加经济收入提供了一条途径，亦导致当地经济社会畸形发展，引发诸多社会问题，渐成恶性循环之势。从治本计，针对福建沿海地区偷渡问题，一方面应继续保持高压，加强打击，内外联系，构建高效协作机制，另一方面，更应立足疏导，努力优化当地发展环境，缓解就业压力，拓展创业空间。     

NEW WAVE-DEPENDENT FORMULAE FOR SEA SPRAY FLUX AT AIR-SEA INTERFACE

A bubble-derived Sea Spray Generation Function (SSGF) was deduced, which was integrated into the new wave-dependent SSGF. The effect of sea spray feedback was parameterized by the feedback coefficients A and B. The relationship of A(B) and the wind-sea Reynolds number was derived, which shows that the feedback effect of sea spray is decreasing with the wave developing. New sea spray flux formulae, including the new SSGF and new feedback coefficients, were proposed, which can reveal clearly the influence of wave state on sea spray fluxes. Spray fluxes in the Humidity Exchange Over the Sea (HEXOS) experiment were simulated again, and results show that spray momentum flux is small in this experiment, but spray heat flux is large. Comparisons of the sea spray fluxes calculated by two kinds of formulae in different wave states show that previous wave-independent spray flux formulae are the special cases of the presented new wave dependent formulae for sea spray flux.     

水下不分散混凝土的发展与应用

基于跨江、跨海工程的环境特点,这些工程将大量采用水下不分散混凝土材料。水下不分散混凝土是在混凝土中掺加一种特殊外加剂——水下不分散剂制成的。水下不分散剂是一种具有长链结构和较强吸附能力的水溶性高分子化合物,它能将水泥颗粒、集料等吸附在一起,提高混凝土拌合物颗粒间的凝聚作用,从而大大提高混凝土拌合物的抗水洗能力,使其能直接在水中浇筑,提高水下混凝土的强度和保证水下混凝土的工程质量,从根本上解决新拌混凝土的遇水分离问题,实现了水下施工"陆地化",因而在水下工程施工中具有很大的潜在优势。本文概述了水下不分散混凝土新拌和硬化后的性能、水下不分散剂的作用机理、水下不分散混凝土在国内外的发展和应用概况。     

Dynamic structures and their sedimentation effects of the Yamen Inlet,Huangmaohai Estuary

One of eight gates of the Pearl River Estuary,the Yamen Inlet is a bedrock channel mouth connecting the Huangmao Sea and Yamen Channel.The wider water surfaces of the upper and lower reaches of the entrance produce a unique bidirectional asymmetrical jet system.Using observed hydrology and historical charts,the ECOMSED model was applied in morphodynamic analysis of the dynamic structures and dynamic equilibrium of the Yamen jet system and its effect on sedimentation.It was found that (1) the nonlinear inter...     

A three-dimensional k-ε-k_p model in curvilinear coordinates for sediment movement and bed evolution

To aim at the substitution of the magnitude and direction of water flow movement near bed for those of bed load transport in solid-liquid two-phase one-fluid model, and to simulate the effect of secondary flow on transverse bed load transport in channel bends and the effect of bed slope on bed load trans- port in a better way, a three-dimensional k-ε-kp solid-liquid two-phase two-fluid model in curvilinear coordinates is solved numerically with a finite-volume method on an adaptive grid for studying wa- ter...     

Full-scale measurements of dynamic response of suspension bridge subjected to environmental loads using GPS technology

Nowadays, there are many larger and taller engineering structures than in the past. These structures are commonly designed to be more flexible. Thus, they are sensitive to severe wind gust and earthquake tremor. For the dynamic response prediction, finite element (FE) modal updating and structural health monitoring, the dynamic characteristics of a structure are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this paper is to show an emerging tool-the real time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS), w...     

EFFECT OF AERATOR ON HYDRAULIC DRAG ACTING ON A CHUTE

The formulae used to calculate the friction in the non-uniform flow chute were examined with the experimental data. and the results show that the accuracy of the formula is enough for engineering applications. A comparison between the results of friction respectively from the uniform flow assumption and the non-uniform flow approximation indicates that the former is an order of magnitude larger than the latter in the case of steep chute. The hydr~3ulic drag on a steep chute with aerators was measured on the hydraulic model directly and the coefficient of the aerator effect on the drag was obtained. The variation patterns of the wall shear just down stream of the aerators were investigated and the mechanism of the increase in the drag by aerator were analyzed qualitatively with the measured water depths just downstream the aerators.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON A NEW KIND OF OPEN TYPE BREAKWATERS

A new kind of open type breakwaters was proposed based on the concept of wave energy conversion. The excellent feature of the structure is that it can absorb and utilize the wave energy to dissipate waves. The effects of some factors, such as the configuration insides, the geometrical parameters and the relative width (the ratio of the width to the wave length), on the performance of the breakwater were discussed based on a series of regular wave tests in the wave flume. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the new open type breakwater were analyzed in detail, and the structure was optimized to improve the performance of the breakwater to effectively dissipate the waves with long period. The variation of the coefficients of wave transmission and reflection along with attenuation with respect to relative width was examined. The results of the physical model tests indicate that the transmission coefficient significantly decreases by about twenty percent at the range of relative width from 0. 1 to 0.2, compared with the traditional open type breakwaters.