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Flow properties of waxy crude oils,particularly the beneficiated waxy crude oils,are sensitive to shear history that the crude oil experienced,called the shear history effect.To simulate this shear history effect accurately is vital to pipeline design and operation.It has been demonstrated by our previous that the energy dissipation or entropy generation due to viscous flow in the shear process is a suitable parameter for simulating the shear history effect.In order to further verify the reliability of this approach,experimental simulations were conducted for three PPD-beneficiated waxy crude oils transported through the China West Crude Oil Pipeline,a most complicated long-distance-crude-oil-pipeline technically and operationally so far in China.The simulations were made by using a stirred vessel and with the energy dissipation of viscous flow as the shear simulation parameter.Comparison between the flow properties of crude oils obtained from field test and experimental simulations,it is found that the gel points and viscosities from experimental simulations are in good agreement with the field data. 相似文献
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研究一种基于三维抛物方程的无线电环境地图快速构建方法,并探讨几种空间插值方法的精确度和适用性,为网络优化和管理提供一种有效工具。利用抛物方程快速计算大区域复杂环境电场分布,参考地理学中最佳统计单元选取四种典型研究区域,分别采用Kriging、反距离加权法(IDW)、双调和样条插值和基于三角剖分的几种插值法对研究区域进行分析。结果表明:a) 几种三角剖分插值和双调和样条插值在各区域RMSE最小且时间最短,但空间拟合程度最低;b) Kriging在各区域中空间拟合程度最高,RMSE和时间随半方差模型有所差异;c) IDW在各区域中RMSE和空间拟合程度较好,但需要时间最长。几种空间插值方法中,指数模型Kriging能以最高精确度和适用性构建基于三维抛物方程的无线电环境地图。 相似文献
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