Fast computation of computer-generated hologram using Xeon Phi coprocessor

We report fast computation of computer-generated holograms (CGHs) using Xeon Phi coprocessors, which have massively x86-based processors on one chip, recently released by Intel. CGHs can generate arbitrary light wavefronts, and therefore, are promising technology for many applications: for example, three-dimensional displays, diffractive optical elements, and the generation of arbitrary beams. CGHs incur enormous computational cost. In this paper, we describe the implementations of several CGH generating algorithms on the Xeon Phi, and the comparisons in terms of the performance and the ease of programming between the Xeon Phi, a CPU and graphics processing unit (GPU).     

Hydration properties and proton exchange in aqueous sugar solutions studied by time domain nuclear magnetic resonance

Proton NMR relaxation rates (R₁ and R₂) were measured in aqueous solutions of sucrose, d-glucose and d-fructose with increasing concentration. The measurements were carried out using Bruker PC 20 NMR Process Analyzer. Inversion recovery and CPMG pulse sequences are used for the measurement of relaxation rates. Results show that the values of relaxation rate increase as the concentration of the sugar is increased. The relaxation rate appears to be higher for sucrose solutions as compared to glucose or d-fructose solutions. These results were discussed on the basis of molecular association between sugar and water molecules through hydrogen bonding. The water self diffusion coefficient was measured in these sugar solutions by using pulse field gradient NMR method. As expected, the water self-diffusion coefficient was reduced with increased sugar concentrations. The results of translational mobility exhibited a higher mobility for fructose than glucose or sucrose in aqueous solutions.     

A High Performance LSI Digital Signal Processor for Communication

This paper describes a newly developed CMOS LSI DSP (FDSP3). It has a powerful multiplier, which operates at a rate of 10 M-operations/s, almost twice as fast as the fastest existing LSI DSP's. Some key techniques to attain these high performance characteristics of the DSP are described. Suitable memory capacities of the RAM and ROM were analyzed as a function of the operational capability of the DSP. These were reflected in the design of the FDSP3. To assist in the development of the program, support tools have been developed. A Pascal based cross compiler and an on-line debugging tool are described in some detail.     

A new immunity test method

A new measurement system and a mapping technique for immunity or susceptibility testing are discussed. The most unique point of the system is that the electromagnetic (EM) fields are of slowly rotating polarization controlled electronically. In this paper, methods for generating slowly rotating fields are discussed. The direction of field polarization can be varied continuously and in a short time. By combining the method with a turntable, for example, the immunity-or susceptibility-characteristic maps can be obtained easily. This visualization technique is useful to detect the immunity or susceptibility attributes at a glance and thus may make the development of products with high immunity easy     

Observer matrix gain optimization for stochastic continuous time nonlinear systems

It is shown that for a class of stationary stochastic nonlinear systems (satisfying a global Lipschitz condition) the high-gain observer with a constant gain matrix may guarantee an upper bound for the averaged quadratic error of state estimation. The nonlinearity is assumed to be a priory known. The main contribution of this paper consists in designing of a numerical procedure for the optimal gain matrix minimizing this upper bound. The convergence analysis of this procedure is presented as well as an example illustrating its finite steps workability: it is shown that within a neighborhood of the optimal matrix gain the others provide lower estimation performance.     

Prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in raw ground pork from several geographical regions according to various isolation methods

Studies show that the pathogen Arcobacter is present in beef, poultry, and pork. Several methods have been reported for the isolation of this organism, but none has been adopted as the standard. This has limited the significance of field comparison studies. In the present study, we compared the efficiencies of four Arcobacter isolation methods using raw ground pork collected from slaughter facilities across the United States. We also evaluated the effect of meat fat level and age of animals on the prevalence of Arcobacter in ground pork. The methods chosen for comparison of isolation efficiency were those of Collins, a modified version of the Collins method (Direct Collins), deBoer, and Johnson Murano (JM). These were chosen based on published reports in which they were used to detect Arcobacter in pork products. The JM method was found to be the most successful in consistently detecting Arcobacter, isolating it in 64 of 200 pork samples compared with the Direct Collins method, which isolated Arcobacter in 52 of 200 of those same samples. The Collins method and the deBoer method found Arcobacter present in only a fraction of the samples. The level of contamination was found to vary among the plants, ranging from 0% to 68% prevalence, with 32% overall for all four plants tested. Additionally, ground pork low in fat had a higher contamination frequency (20%) when compared with high-fat pork (4%). Results also showed that meat from younger animals was more frequently contaminated than that from older animals.     

Lack of a cytolethal distending toxin among Arcobacter isolates from various sources

Arcobacter has been shown to be present in numerous different sources, including poultry, water, and humans exhibiting gastroenteritis. The production of a cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) has been documented in Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and other species. The polymerase chain reaction was used to screen Arcobacter isolates from poultry, cattle, irrigation water, and human diarrhea for the presence of CDT genes. Cell filtrates and sonic extracts were also tested for CDT-like activity on Chinese Hamster Ovary, HeLa, and Intestinal 407 (INT407) cells in culture. No CDT amplimers were observed in any of the Arcobacter isolates investigated. However, toxicity to HeLa and INT407 cells was observed and was subsequently analyzed for cell cycle arrest in the presence of the Arcobacter extracts with flow cytometry. Cells treated with Arcobacter sonic extracts and filtrates exhibited normal cell cycles, suggesting that CDT is not expressed by Arcobacter. Thus, Arcobacter was shown to produce an entity that was toxic to some cells in culture, but this entity was toxic in a manner different from that of Campylobacter CDT.     

PIN OLEDs — Improved structures and materials to enhance device lifetime

Abstract— Currently, three issues are identified that decide upon the commercial success of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), both in display and lighting applications: power efficiency, lifetime, and price competitiveness. PIN OLEDs are widely seen as the preferred way to maximize power efficiency. Here, it is reported that this concept also delivers the world longest lifetimes. For a highly efficient deep‐red PIN OLED, a half‐lifetime of 25,000 hours for a starting brightness of 10,000 cd/m² and a minimal voltage increase over lifetime is reported. This value corresponds to more than 1 × 10⁶ hours at 1000 cd/m² using an exponent of n = 1.7, which was measured by driving the OLEDs at different starting luminances. Because there is no initial luminance drop, these PIN OLEDs also exhibit a very high 80% lifetime (>300,000 hours at 1000 cd/m²). New record lifetime values for blue and green will be reported as well. Additionally, further topics that have impact on the production yield and cost such as the newly developed air‐stable organic n‐doping material NDN‐26 and top‐emitting structures will be discussed.