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采用磷酸硼对木材进行改性处理,测定了处理后试材的阻燃性、抗流失性、吸湿性、力学性能.研究结果表明,磷酸硼处理后试材,吸药量达到20.47 kg/m3以上时,垂直燃烧实验可达到到F-0级水平;通过灼烧实验,磷酸硼处理的木粉在500℃灼烧时残留率可达到97.997%;此改性剂具有较好阻燃性能和一定的抗流失性,常压下磷酸硼处理的樟子松试件LRV为50.28%;木材顺纹抗压强度平均下降了 8.67%,无明显变化;木材抗弯曲压强度平均下降了 27.95%.但磷酸硼阻燃剂在高湿条件下有一定的吸湿性,使用性能有待改进,并应注意采取防护措施. 相似文献
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Fluid-based Slotting Optimization for Automated Order Picking System with Multiple Dispenser Types 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LIU Peng WU Yaohua ZHOU Chen XU Na School of Control Science Engineering Sh ong University Jinan China School of Industrial Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Business School Sh ong Jianzhu University Jinan China 《机械工程学报(英文版)》2011,(4):529-538
Slotting strategy heavily influences the throughput and operational cost of automated order picking system with multiple dispenser types, which is called the complex automated order picking system (CAOPS). Existing research either focuses on one aspect of the slotting optimization problem or only considers one part of CAOPS, such as the Low-volume Dispensers, to develop corresponding slotting strategies. In order to provide a comprehensive and systemic approach, a fluid-based slotting strategy is proposed in this paper. The configuration of CAOPS is presented with specific reference to its fast-picking and restocking subsystems. Based on extended fluid model, a nonlinear mathematical programming model is developed to determine the optimal volume allotted to each stock keeping unit (SKU) in a certain mode by minimize the restocking cost of that mode. Conclusion from the allocation model is specified for the storage modules of high-volume dispensers and low-volume dispensers. Optimal allocation of storage resources in the fast-picking area of CAOPS is then discussed with the aim of identifying the optimal space of each picking mode. The SKU assignment problem referring to the total restocking cost of CAOPS is analyzed and a greedy heuristic with low time complexity is developed according to the characteristics of CAOPS. Real life application from the tobacco industry is presented in order to exemplify the proposed slotting strategy and assess the effectiveness of the developed methodology. Entry-item-quantity (EIQ) based experiential solutions and proposed-model-based near-optimal solutions are compared. The comparison results show that the proposed strategy generates a savings of over 18% referring to the total restocking cost over one-year period. The strategy proposed in this paper, which can handle the multiple dispenser types, provides a practical quantitative slotting method for CAOPS and can help picking-system-designers make slotting decisions efficiently and effectively. 相似文献
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We have used the yeast two-hybrid system to localize the ligand-dependent dimerization domain of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) to region E in vivo. In this system, the cDNAs corresponding to the A-D, E, E/F, A-E (deltaF), and full-length (wtER) domains of the human ER were each cloned into the yeast two-hybrid vectors GAL4 DB and GAL4 TA and expressed in different combinations in yeast harboring a GAL1-lacZ reporter. The reporter was used as a relative measure of the interaction between the ER domains, through reconstitution of GAL4 activity. We found that the interaction of E or E/F domains of the ER with full-length ER is estradiol dependent and estrogen responsive element independent, as measured by the reconstitution of GAL4 activity from GAL4-E domain-containing fusion protein interactions. In the presence of F domain, this activity is reduced 10-fold. The results suggest that sequences in the F domain are inhibitory to the dimerization signal that is present in the E region. We propose that the full-length ER contains intrinsic dimerization restraints contributed by regions outside domain E that are released upon binding hormone agonist. In addition, we have demonstrated that coactivator RIP140 is able to interact with the ER in vivo at the E domain of the receptor in the presence of estrogen. Yeast two-hybrid analysis shows that RIP140 does not homodimerize in the presence or absence of estrogens. We present evidence showing that the ER has the inherent ability to interact with RIP140 in the presence of antiestrogens, but sequences inherent in the ER itself that are present outside of the E domain compromise this ability. 相似文献
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DN Maiorov ER Wilton E Badoer D Petrie GA Head SC Malpas 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1999,815(2):227-236
OBJECT: This study is a retrospective analysis of clinical data obtained in 28 patients affected by obstructive hydrocephalus who presented with signs of midbrain dysfunction during episodes of shunt malfunction. METHODS: All patients presented with an upward gaze palsy, sometimes associated with other signs of oculomotor dysfunction. In seven cases the ocular signs remained isolated and resolved rapidly after shunt revision. In 21 cases the ocular signs were variably associated with other clinical manifestations such as pyramidal and extrapyramidal deficits, memory disturbances, mutism, or alterations in consciousness. Resolution of these symptoms after shunt revision was usually slow. In four cases a transient paradoxical aggravation was observed at the time of shunt revision. In 11 cases ventriculocistemostomy allowed resolution of the symptoms and withdrawal of the shunt. Simultaneous supratentorial and infratentorial intracranial pressure recordings performed in seven of the patients showed a pressure gradient between the supratentorial and infratentorial compartments, with a higher supratentorial pressure before shunt revision. Inversion of this pressure gradient was observed after shunt revision and resolution of the gradient was observed in one case after third ventriculostomy. In six recent cases, a focal midbrain hyperintensity was evidenced on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences at the time of shunt malfunction. This rapidly resolved after the patient underwent third ventriculostomy. CONCLUSIONS: It is probable that in obstructive hydrocephalus, at the time of shunt malfunction, the development of a transtentorial pressure gradient could initially induce a functional impairment of the upper midbrain, inducing upward gaze palsy. The persistence of the gradient could lead to a global dysfunction of the upper midbrain. Third ventriculostomy contributes to equalization of cerebrospinal fluid pressure across the tentorium by restoring free communication between the infratentorial and supratentorial compartments, resulting in resolution of the patient's clinical symptoms. 相似文献
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MG DeCastro GA Denys LL Fauerbach JK Ferranti K Hawkins LC Masters D Rimland RJ Sharbaugh J Zeller 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1999,27(1):54-55
The Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc (APIC), is a multidisciplinary, voluntary, international organization of professionals who practice infection control and the application of epidemiology in all health settings. APIC is an international leader in prevention and control of infection transmission. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the steps pharmacists must complete when seeking compensation from third party payers for pharmaceutical care services. DATA SOURCES: Government publications; professional publications, including manuals and newsletters; authors' personal experience. DATA SYNTHESIS: Pharmacists in increasing numbers are meeting with success in getting reimbursed by third party payers for patient care activities. However, many pharmacists remain reluctant to seek compensation because they do not understand the steps involved. Preparatory steps include obtaining a provider/supplier number, procuring appropriate claim forms, developing data collection and documentation systems, establishing professional fees, creating a marketing plan, and developing an accounting system. To bill for specific patient care services, pharmacists need to collect the patient's insurance information, obtain a statement of medical necessity from the patient's physician, complete the appropriate claim form accurately, and submit the claim with supporting documentation to the insurer. Although many claims from pharmacists are rejected initially, pharmacists who work with third party payers to understand the reasons for denial of payment often receive compensation when claims are resubmitted. CONCLUSION: Pharmacists who follow these guidelines for billing third party payers for pharmaceutical care services should notice an increase in the number of paid claims. 相似文献
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