Evolution of the Defect Structure of Pearlitic Steel in Cold Deformation

A method of microdiffraction analysis is developed in order to determine the defect structure of pearlitic steels during cold plastic deformation. The total reduction in the drawing of C86D steel coil is shown to affect the azimuthal blurring of the subreflexes in the microdiffraction pattern and the distortion of the plates in the pearlite colony.     

Interaction of nonionogenic surface-active substances with nitron fibre

Conclusion The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the interaction of Nitron gel-fibre with aqueous solutions of sorbitan S and sorbital S-20 have been determined. It has been shown that the entropy of sorption of nonionogenic surface-active substances does not depend on temperature in the 25–75°C region.The amount of SAS encapsulated in the fibre affects the dynamics of sorption of cationic dyes, being one of the factors causing the appearance of dyeing nouniformity.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 17–19, November–December, 1985.     

The effect of weak pulsed magnetic fields on modified wood

The edge hardness of birch wood modified under the action of a weak (not exceeding 0.5 T) pulsed magnetic field is increased as compared to the initial level. The magnetic field effect has a threshold (0.2 T) and is explained by a decrease in the mobility of wood fibers as a result of the field-induced cross linking between side groups of cellulose macromolecules.     

Numerical modeling of two-phase flows in the presence of dynamic and thermal interactions

The study of turbulent flow in mixtures consisting of gas and particulate matter is a current area of research among modern scientists. The main objective of this area is to prevent the reduction of burnout in flow-through systems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a mathematical model of turbulent gas flow with solids to explore the structure of the combustion region in a channel with a partially open boundary to determine the interfacial interaction of the injection of a flat heterogeneous flow in a confined area and the influence of regime parameters on the ignition process. For this purpose, a modeling method was used, which involved using the fundamental laws of continuity of flow, conservation of energy, and the quantity of motion and matter, and an experiment was conducted to reconcile the proposed model with theoretical data. As a result of this work, a model based on the averaged Reynolds Navier–Stokes equations and an algorithm for solving a turbulent subsonic two-dimensional flow in a heterogeneous medium based on an Euler–Lagrange representation have been developed. Thus, the effects of the parameters of entrainment, temperature, and component concentration on the combustion range and mixing intensity were determined. The proposed methodology can be applied to solve application problems of various kinds, for example, in the design of thermal power plants. The scope of the mathematical and numerical models developed is sufficiently broad that they are universal.     

Structure formation in wire

The microstructure formed in the surface layer of industrially produced steel 70 wire rod (diameter 5.5 mm), wire (diameter 4.2 mm), and thin brass-plated steel 70 wire (diameter 0.933–1.75 mm) is studied. Local surface sections with turbulent structure are identified by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. Those sections are associated with shear stress forming additional rotary deformation modes. With increase in the deformation, a gradient in the microhardness appears. The hardness is greatest at the surface in sections with anomalous structure. The dynamics of dislocational structure in metal with deformation is investigated. The formation of pearlite colonies in high-carbon steel is studied. The results may be used in determining the limiting deformability of wire rod and wire on drawing.     

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Real Time Electronic Stethoscope for Heart Diseases Detection

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are one of the major causes of death worldwide. These diseases could be quickly detected by changes in the sound created by the action of the heart. This dynamic auscultations need extensive professional knowledge and emphasis on listening skills. There is also an unmet requirement for a compact cardiac condition early warning device. In this paper, we propose a prototype of a digital stethoscopic system for the diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities in real time using machine learning methods. This system consists of three subsystems that interact with each other (1) a portable digital subsystem of an electronic stethoscope, (2) a decision-making subsystem, and (3) a subsystem for displaying and visualizing the results in an understandable form. The electronic stethoscope captures the patient’s phonocardiographic sounds, filters and digitizes them, and then sends the resulting phonocardiographic sounds to the decision-making system. The decision-making system classifies sounds into normal and abnormal using machine learning techniques, and as a result identifies abnormal heart sounds. The display and visualization subsystem demonstrates the results obtained in an understandable way not only for medical staff, but also for patients and recommends further actions to patients. As a result of the study, we obtained an electronic stethoscope that can diagnose cardiac abnormalities with an accuracy of more than 90%. More accurately, the proposed stethoscope can identify normal heart sounds with 93.5% accuracy, abnormal heart sounds with 93.25% accuracy. Moreover, speed is the key benefit of the proposed stethoscope as 15 s is adequate for examination.