System matrix characterization of input-output equivalence

The notion of input-output equivalence is defined and its characterization in system matrix terms is given.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Advances in Food Emulsions and Foams. (E. Dickinson and G. Stainsby, eds.) Elsevier Applied Science. 1988. 397 pp. £52.
FOOD PRESERVATION BY MOISTURE CONTROL. (C. C. Seow, ed.) Elsevier Applied Science. 1988. ISBN 1-85166-261-8; (pp. xiv + 277.)
FOOD TEXTURE, INSTRUMENTAL AND SENSORY MEASUREMENT. (H. R. Moskowitz, ed.) Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel 1987. 335 pp.; $89.75.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON FOOD RHEOLOGY. Association of Cereal Research, P. O. Box 23, Schützenburg 10, Detmold, D4930, Federal Republic of Germany. 191 pp.; 40 D.M.     

Experimental Analysis and Modeling of Slip Casting

The filtration mechanics of slip casting is extended to account for the filtrate transporting the finer particles to the bottom of the cake. Scanning electron micrographs of alumina (Al₂O₃) green microstructures illustrate that a higher concentration of fine particles can accumulate at the bottom section of a cake. The rheological behavior of alumina suspensions with different solids loadings, particle-size distributions, and amounts of deflocculant is discussed. Slip-casting experiments demonstrate that the rheology of a suspension greatly affects the green density and growth rate of the cake.     

Diffraction from a Natural Grain Boundary in a Magnetite Bicrystal

The structure of a natural small-angle boundary in a magnetite bicrystal was investigated by X-ray diffraction. This boundary was a "general" type with a mixed twist and tilt character. The grain-boundary reflections observed around an 040 matrix reflection were in good agreement with those predicted by Boll-mann's O-lattice theory. These extra reflections appear to arise from a predominantly planar dislocation network. The structural width of the boundary, determined from the length of the relrods of the grain-boundary reflections, was of the order of four unit cells, close to the average spacing of the expected dislocation network.     

GROUP COUNSELING AND BEHAVIOR THERAPY WITH TEXT-ANXIOUS COLLEGE STUDENTS.

14 HIGHLY TEST-ANXIOUS STUDENTS WERE SEEN IN A COMBINATION PROGRAM OF GROUP COUNSELING AND BEHAVIOR THERAPY (SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION). COMPARED WITH VOLUNTEER (N = 6) AND NONVOLUNTEER (N = 23) CONTROLS, GRADE-POINT AVERAGES FOR THE TREATED GROUP SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE AND TEST ANXIETY SCALE SCORES A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE AFTER COMPLETION OF THE PROGRAM. WHILE STUDENTS FELT THAT THE RELAXATION TRAINING AND SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION WERE HELPFUL, ALL CONSIDERED THE ADVICE AND DISCUSSION TO HAVE PLAYED THE MORE IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE REDUCTION OF THEIR ANXIETY AND THEIR INCREASED ACADEMIC EFFECTIVENESS. (15 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PORE SIZE EFFECT IN THE FIREEZE DRYING PROCESS

SUMMARY— Experiment were conducted to determine the influence and/or effect of the structure of the dried material itself on transport rates. Drying rates were measured in the 0.2–3.0 mm Hg pressure range, the usual operating range of commercial freeze driers. Thermal conductivities of dried beef and heat and mass transfer were calculated from drying rate data and the structure of the freeze-dried material was studied by optical means. A simplified relationship between thermal conductivity and pore structure was derived. Results show drying rates were related to basic transport properties, thermal conductivity and pore structure.