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排序方式: 共有348条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatitis are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to identify an early genetic event that correlated with pancreatitis. METHODS: Differential display of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was conducted on normal pancreas vs. those of animals with secretagogue-induced pancreatitis. Northern blots from normal animals and animals with experimental acute pancreatitis were probed with cloned complementary DNAs for chemokines. Pancreatitis was induced with cerulein and by retrograde injection of bile salts. Immunocytochemistry was used to identify the source of chemokine expression. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate was tested for effects on chemokine expression and pancreatitis. RESULTS: A differentially amplified band was consistently observed early after cerulein hyperstimulation. This band was identified as a portion of the mob-1 gene, an alpha-chemokine. Northern analysis indicated that mRNAs for mob-1 and another chemokine, mcp-1, were induced after cerulein hyperstimulation in vivo. mob-1 mRNA was also induced by retrograde injection of bile salts and by cerulein in acinar cells in vitro. mob-1 protein was localized to exocrine cells in pancreata of diseased animals. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited both chemokine gene expression and early inflammatory characteristics of pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Chemokines are induced in acinar cells by treatments that induce pancreatitis and may play an important role in the early stages of the disease. 相似文献
2.
Neuroimaging experiments have shown that prefrontal regions of the brain, which have the most age-related volume loss, are also the regions most likely to be more active in older adults than in younger adults. In an attempt to solve this puzzle, P. M. Greenwood (see record 2007-15625-001) has proposed a cascade that flows from age-related atrophy in the brain to changed processing strategies that result in plastic changes in regions adjacent and contralateral to the atrophic areas, culminating in greater functional activity. This hypothesis should stimulate research into these mechanisms and hopefully will ultimately inform researchers' ability to rehabilitate cognitive disorders in the elderly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
3.
Timothy G. Trucano Dennis E. Grady Glenn D. Kubiak Marlin E. Kipp Richard E. Olson Archie Farnsworth 《International Journal of Impact Engineering》1995,17(4-6):873-890
xtreme
ltra
iolet
ithography (EUVL) seeks to apply radiation in a wavelength region centered near 13 nm to produce microcircuits having feature sizes 0.1 micron or less. A critical requirement for the commercial application of this technology is the development of an economical, compact source of this radiation which is suitable for lithographic applications. A good candidate is a laser-plasma source, which is generated by the interaction of an intermediate intensity laser pulse (up to 1012 W/cm2) with a metallic target. While such a source has radiative characteristics which satisfy the needs of an EUVL source, the debris generated during the laser-target interaction strikes at the economy of the source. Here, we review the use of concepts and computer modeling, originally developed for hypervelocity impact analysis, to study this problem. 相似文献
4.
Developments are reported in both numerical and experimental capabilities for characterizing the debris spray produced in penetration events. We have performed a series of high-velocity experiments specifically designed to examine the fragmentation of the projectile during impact. High-strength, well-characterized steel spheres (6.35 mm diameter) were launched with a two-stage light-gas gun to velocities in the range of 3 to 5 km/s. Normal impact with PMMA plates, thicknesses of 0.6 to 11 mm, applied impulsive loads of various amplitudes and durations to the steel sphere. The extent of fragmentation, loss in momentum, and divergence of the debris are shown to correspond to the impact conditions. Multiple flash radiography was used to monitor material motion and fragmentation of the steel sphere during the impact event. Dynamic fragmentation theories, based on energy-balance principles, were used to evaluate local material deformation and fracture state information from CTH, a three-dimensional Eulerian solid dynamics shock wave propagation code. The local fragment characterization of the material defines a weighted fragment size distribution, and the sum of these distributions provides a composite particle size distribution for the steel sphere. The calculated axial and radial velocity changes agree well with experimental data, and the calculated fragment sizes for a specific experiment are in qualitative agreement with the radiographic data. 相似文献
5.
MM Haglund MS Grady PM Kanev EG Pavlin TA Mayberg HR Winn 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,11(5):623-627
Using an illustrative case of severe closed head injury that resulted in a posterior fossa epidural hematoma (EDH) and supratentorial epidural/subdural hematomas (SDH), the massive blood losses associated with operative repair of the torn sigmoid sinus and the significant fluid losses associated with refractory diabetes insipidus were treated by the intraoperative use of the Rapid Infusion System (RIS, Haemonetics). The RIS can rapidly infuse warm blood, crystalloid, or colloid at rates up to 1.5 L/min, thereby limiting the commonly associated hypotension, hypothermia, and coagulopathies. During the suboccipital craniectomy for evacuation of the EDH and repair of the sigmoid sinus, the patient required 18 units of blood replacement secondary to a large tear in the sigmoid sinus. During a separate craniotomy for evacuation of the SDH, the patient also developed diabetes insipidus, which increased the operative fluid replacement to 39 L. Despite these massive blood and fluid losses, the RIS limited the hypotension to less than 2 min and prevented hypothermia and the frequently associated coagulopathies. When used in a neurosurgical setting associated with massive blood and/or fluid losses, the RIS accomplishes three important objectives: (1) rapid infusion of intravenous fluids for maintaining perfusion pressure, (2) rapid warming of fluids despite high intravenous infusion rates of cold crystalloids, thereby preventing intraoperative hypothermia, and (3) continuous monitoring of infusion rates and totals. 相似文献
6.
Nutthakan Pongrakananon Nathaporn Somrang Worakanya Visitsart Pitt Supaphol Manit Nithitanakul Brian P. Grady 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,91(4):2216-2222
The effect of methyl acrylate content in ethylene–methyl acrylate–acrylic acid (E–MA–AA) terpolymers and acrylic acid content in ethylene–acrylic acid (E–AA) copolymers was investigated in blends of these two materials. The E–MA–AA terpolymer with 8 mol % methyl acrylate was not miscible with any E–AA material no matter what the AA content, whereas the terpolymer with only about 2 mol % methyl acrylate was miscible, at least to some extent, with the E–AA copolymer at high acrylic acid contents. Evidence supporting this conclusion derived from gloss, differential scanning calorimetry testing, and dynamic mechanical measurements. For the E–AA polymer material with the highest acid content, there was a synergistic effect for some properties at low added amounts of E–MA–AA copolymer; the tensile strength and hardness were 10% higher than values for the E–AA copolymer, even though the E–AA copolymer was much stiffer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 2216–2222, 2004 相似文献
7.
Fatoumata Ide Seyni Lawrence Barrett Steven Crossley Brian P. Grady 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2021,61(4):1186-1194
An asymmetric double cantilever beam test was used to determine the ability of carbon nanotubes with varying chemistry along their lengths, that is, diblock nanotubes, to compatibilize the polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) interface. PS molecules were grafted primarily to one of the blocks to cause that block to migrate to the PS phase since otherwise both blocks would prefer to reside in PMMA. Fracture toughnesses increased monotonically with increasing diblock carbon nanotube concentration and maximum values were like those for block copolymer-reinforced interfaces while single-chemistry nanotubes showed no reinforcing effect. However, the abrupt increase in fracture toughness with added compatibilizer indicative of a transition to crazing was not found consistent with nanotubes suppressing crazing in homopolymers. Scanning electron microscopy images of the fractured surfaces show agglomerates of carbon nanotubes present which are likely limiting the efficacy of carbon nanotubes at toughening the interface. 相似文献
8.
9.
Isoperimetric graph partitioning for image segmentation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Grady L Schwartz EL 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2006,28(3):469-475
Spectral graph partitioning provides a powerful approach to image segmentation. We introduce an alternate idea that finds partitions with a small isoperimetric constant, requiring solution to a linear system rather than an eigenvector problem. This approach produces the high quality segmentations of spectral methods, but with improved speed and stability. 相似文献
10.
Random walks for image segmentation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Grady L 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2006,28(11):1768-1783
A novel method is proposed for performing multilabel, interactive image segmentation. Given a small number of pixels with user-defined (or predefined) labels, one can analytically and quickly determine the probability that a random walker starting at each unlabeled pixel will first reach one of the prelabeled pixels. By assigning each pixel to the label for which the greatest probability is calculated, a high-quality image segmentation may be obtained. Theoretical properties of this algorithm are developed along with the corresponding connections to discrete potential theory and electrical circuits. This algorithm is formulated in discrete space (i.e., on a graph) using combinatorial analogues of standard operators and principles from continuous potential theory, allowing it to be applied in arbitrary dimension on arbitrary graphs 相似文献