Smart firefighting construction in China: Status,problems, and reflections

“Smart firefighting” construction as a part of the “smart city” has been a concern of the public security and fire agencies at all levels. In this study, the status, problems, and reflections of “smart firefighting” construction in China are discussed. A recent survey indicates that China has launched its smart firefighting construction and initially created a new perspective on its regional smart firefighting work based on three main aspects: intelligent disaster perception by Internet of Things (IoT) construction, intelligent disaster prevention by big data construction, and intelligent disaster disposal by emergency rescue platform construction. However, the current smart firefighting construction in China still has some prominent problems such as the data interconnectivity and normalized management of various platforms, the extensibility of smart firefighting platforms, and the intelligent level of smart firefighting researches, which need to be solved urgently. Therefore, we argue that smart firefighting construction in China should establish data interconnectivity, industrial normalized management, 2D/3D geographic information interaction and extension, high-integration fire protection theory, and many other aspects in the near future and truly realize firefighting visualization and efficient data applications for 4D time space. This study could provide valuable reference for smart firefighting and smart city construction.     

农村综合能源系统多层协同优化运行方法

农村综合能源系统通过多种能源的协同互补,在满足农村用户多元化用能需求的同时,能有效提升能源利用效率和用能经济性。首先,在考虑适应农村典型场景的基础上,提出了一种三层协同自律的农村综合能源分层协同运行优化框架。然后,基于农村综合能源系统典型设备,建立了三层农村综合能源系统源-储-荷联合优化调度模型以及相应的优化调度流程。调度模型中冬季通过对沼气发电机组的余热回收与空气源热泵协同对用户供热;夏季对沼气发电机组余热进行回收,并通过溴化锂制冷机与空气源热泵联合对农村用户供冷。最后,对农村综合能源系统多层协同优化方法进行了算例分析,结果表明该优化方法提高了农村居民用能的经济性,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Ti-Cu复合中间层在钨/CLAM钢扩散连接中的性能

采用Ti-Cu复合中间层扩散连接钨与CLAM钢,在30 MPa、1h和800~950℃的条件下,成功获得了W/Ti-Cu/CLAM钢接头。接头界面连接良好,中间层区域发现有Ti₂Cu或TiCu₄等金属间化合物产生。TiC脆硬层使得中间层/钢界面处的硬度远高于钢母材,同时造成了接头处钢母材的失C并软化现象。随焊接温度的升高,接头的剪切强度先升高后降低,在850℃时达到了274 MPa的最大值,剪切试样均断裂在W/中间层界面靠近钨侧处。     

多翼离心风机蜗壳小型化设计数值研究

为减小多翼离心风机蜗壳小型化过程中对风机气动性能造成的损失,在蜗壳单侧切割的基础上,提出一种等比例组合式切割策略.以某烟机用多翼离心风机的螺旋形蜗壳为研究对象,对相等宽度缩减率下基于该组合式切割法所得方案、单侧切割方案、收缩型方案以及原型机展开数值模拟,并对不同方案的内流及全工况气动性能展开详细对比分析.结果 表明各小型化策略对风机不同流量工况下压力和效率的影响不尽相同,其中组合式切割策略可有效削弱单侧切割深度过大对风机性能的负面影响,对应方案的气动性能在所有蜗壳小型化方案中综合最佳.与蜗壳型线曲率连续的收缩型方案相比,该组合式切割所得型线非连续方案的叶轮效率、蜗壳静压转换能力相对于原型机的降幅反而更小,具有明显性能优势.     

谈谈公路桥梁施工中预应力技术措施

在我国的公路桥梁实际操作中,预应力技术的预应力结构非常专业,张拉工艺比较复杂,容易出现质量问题。文章主要分析了公路桥梁施工中预应力技术的施工质量控制、施工设计以及施工管理重点。     

Addition methods of sulfur and sulfur/phosphorus-based compounds on coking behavior during thermal cracking of naphtha

Using naphtha as raw material for cracking, the effects of adding sulfides and sulfur/phosphorus compounds on the coking behavior of thermal cracking were investigated. The morphologies and structures of the pretreated HP40 alloy specimen and coke deposits were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and XPS. The results showed that the addition of phosphide into the sulfide additives led to the change in the structure of coke deposits under the condition of continuous addition of additives into the feed. The method with continuous addition of sulfur/phosphorus-based compounds showed excellent anti-coking properties. The surface pretreatment with sulfur or sulfur/phosphorus-based compounds made the increase of Fe content in the oxide film on the specimen. So anti-coking effect was limited when the pretreatment method was applied. The coking inhibition property of the application of surface pretreatment with sulfide/phosphide followed by continuous addition of sulfur/phosphorus-based compounds were similar to that of the application of continuous addition of sulfur/phosphorus-based compounds in the feed. However, the combination method showed the better anti-coking effect during the initial cracking process. All the addition methods led to the increased amounts of amorphous coke in the coke layer and the decreased graphitization degree of cokes. The results of the low H/C ratios showed the highly condensed structure of the coke deposits during thermal cracking process. The addition of sulfur and sulfur/phosphorus-based compounds could influence the dehydrogenation reaction to some extent during the coke formation by reducing catalytic coking.     

计及不确定性的含分布式发电并网的配电网 故障区段定位方法

主动配电网作为分布式发电的高效集成和管理平台,其故障区段定位是一门重要课题。针对含分布式发电并网的主动配电网故障区段定位问题,计及分布式发电出力的不确定性,基于随机机会约束规划建立配电网故障区段定位模型。所建立的模型以概率形式的评价函数为目标函数,计及控制变量定义域约束,故障类型限值约束等约束条件构建。通过对基本帝国竞争算法进行改进得到二进制帝国竞争算法,并采用改进帝国竞争算法设计模型求解流程。仿真算例表明,所建立的模型适用于含分布式发电并网的主动配电网故障区段定位求解,并计及分布式发电出力不确定性对定位结果的影响,改进帝国竞争算法在模型的求解中性能较优。     

城市建设用地敏感度研究初探

针对实际规划编制过程中经常遇到的问题——地方政府委托编制的控制性详细规划的用地区位和范围不尽合理进行了思考,探索性地提出"城市建设用地敏感度"的概念,并尝试建立"城市建设用地敏感度评价"的初步方法。同时结合案例对"城市建设用地敏感度评价"在国家法定规划程序中的具体应用进行探讨。     

基于高精度温度传感器的多股碳纤维导线潜伏性缺陷检测方法

为提升多股碳纤维导线的质量，研究基于高精度温度传感器的多股碳纤维导线潜伏性缺陷检测方法。利用布里渊光时域反射技术设计高精度温度传感器，并将单根光纤植入多股碳纤维导线中，通过注入窄谱光源来实现温度采集。采用外差检测法对窄谱光源进行处理，获取多股碳纤维导线的温度采集结果。采用平均处理方法滤除温度数据内部的噪声。基于滤波后的温度数据，建立多股碳纤维导线的温度场逆问题模型，并利用牛顿迭代法对模型进行求解，从而得到多股碳纤维导线的热导率。实验证明，该方法能够有效地采集多股碳纤维导线的温度，并成功滤除99%的内部噪声。检测无缺陷多股碳纤维导线的热导率是235 W/m·k，基于此，该方法也能够根据与无缺陷导线的热导率的差异有效地检测导线的潜伏性缺陷。值得注意的是，当导线的负荷电流增加时，该方法的潜伏性缺陷检测效果更佳。     

氮素水平对甜菜主要营养的影响

甜菜植株含氮量与施氮量呈极显著正相关，生育中前期氮的分配以叶部为主，其后氮向根的分配率增加，但高氮处理到生育后期氮对叶部的分配率仍处于较高水平，不利于产量形成和糖分积累。甜菜植株磷、钾含量与施氮量呈极显著正相关，氮与磷、钾表现出明显的互作效应。