走向负责任的工程:伦理准则的解释与内置

文章探讨了工程伦理准则的模糊性和伦理解释的必要性,揭示了工程师在工程伦理解释中的主体地位,阐明了工程伦理准则内置于工程实践的一般机理,并据此提出:需要着力塑造大批有德性的工程师;需要着力重塑工程教育和工程伦理教育体系;需要着力塑造工程师的良好社会形象,以感召更多优秀年轻人加入工程师队伍。只有这样,工程伦理准则才能更好地内置于工程实践之中,从而建设更为负责任的工程。     

以重点片区更新为导向的城市更新策略探析——以荆门为例

我国已经步入城镇化发展中后期,城市发展逐步从大规模增量建设转入存量提质的新时代."海绵城市""城市双修"等国家重点工作都是以治理"城市病"为切入点的城市更新手段.试点城市建设方法大多采用了"顶层专项规划+片区系统方案+重点工程建设"的方案路径,其中"片区"作为更新路径的腰部,起到了承上启下的关键作用.以片区为单元的组团式更新,也可解决城市规划建设管理的"碎片化"问题.本文以荆门为例,通过选取历史片区、商业街片区、老旧社区片区等城市不同类型的重点片区,构建了"诊断性评估、系统性更新、适应性设计"三个维度的更新策略,为开展"实施城市更新行动"提供借鉴.     

近红外光谱分析在农业领域应用中的几个问题

分析近红外在农业领域应用的特殊性,分析近红外分析过程中影响模型性能的若干因素,讨论近红外分析准确度的评价方法,预测标准差SEP不宜作为近红外分析性能的指标性参数,提出近红外分析在农业应用中值得重视的研究方向。     

大型购物中心钢结构综合施工技术

由于钢结构件均超大、超长、超重,施工现场塔吊又不能满足转运和吊装需要。为此,结合现场实际,采用楼面拼装、人工转运、土法吊装的方式,圆满完成万象城钢结构施工安装任务,并形成了一套行之有效的施工技术,对大跨度、异型超重构件的安装具有很好的借鉴意义。     

催化裂化汽油加氢改质催化剂的改进

针对催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫降烯烃组合工艺技术中，芳构化降烯烃改质催化剂M应用于重馏分汽油加氢时，存在因反应温度高而影响催化剂长周期运行及液体总收率等问题，对催化剂进行优化升级改进研究。结果表明，在M催化剂基础上，通过对HZSM-5分子筛原料改进及调变活性金属组分，研制出活性高和稳定性好的催化裂化重汽油芳构化降烯烃改质催化剂M-Ⅱ，与M催化剂相比，烯烃降低幅度相当时，芳烃增加1.5个百分点，研究法辛烷值提高0.8个单位。     

Integrated UV-based photo microreactor-distillation technology toward process intensification of continuous ultra-high-purity electronic-grade silicon tetrachloride manufacture

Ultra-high-purity silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) is demanded as an electronic-grade chemical to meet the stringent requirements of the rapidly developing semiconductor industry. The high requirement for ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ has created the need for a high-efficient process for reducing energy consumption as well as satisfying product quality. In this paper, a mass of production technology of ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ was successfully developed through chlorination reaction in the ultraviolet (UV)-based photo microreactor coupled with the distillation process. The influences of key operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, UV wavelength and light intensity on the product quality, especially for hydrogen-containing impurities, were quantified by the infrared transmittance of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 2185 cm⁻¹ and 2160 cm⁻¹ indicating that characteristic vibrational modes of SiH bonds, as well as the operating conditions of distillation were also investigated as key factors for metal impurities removing. The advanced intensification of SiCl₄ manufactured by the integration of photo microreactor and distillation achieves the products with superior specifications higher than the standard commercial products.     

草酸二甲酯加氢制乙醇酸甲酯反应网络分析及其多相加氢催化剂研究进展

乙醇酸甲酯（MG）官能团丰富,是一种重要的精细化工中间体,而且经过缩聚反应可制得新一代可生物降解材料聚乙醇酸。采用合成气经草酸二甲酯（DMO）加氢路线可实现MG的规模化制备,而该技术工业化的关键是高性能加氢催化剂的开发,当前DMO加氢制MG催化剂正处于工业化前期阶段。本文分析了DMO加氢反应网络及各特征反应的热力学特点,重点概述了DMO多相加氢制MG催化剂的研究进展,包括铜基催化剂、银基催化剂、非铜/银基催化剂等,基于网络特点分析了各催化剂的研究重点及存在的难题,并从反应工艺控制、催化剂载体设计、助剂及活性组分选择等角度提出了改善工业化催化剂开发及性能的思路,建议近期将改性复合载体负载的铜基催化剂,或以银、镍等为第二助剂的复合铜基催化剂作为重点攻关方向,远期将新型非贵金属体系作为储备方向,期望能为开发我国自主知识产权的工业化催化剂提供有益参考。     

TGS360pro超前预报地下水的地震波场正演模拟分析——以岩溶模型为例

为了避免隧道开挖过程中由对掌子面前方地下水赋存状态探测不准而发生涌水事故,通过隧道地质超前预报TGS360系统,利用地震波信号的瞬时幅度和瞬时频率与岩体结构面的关系,准确、高效地对掌子面前方的赋水体进行探测,同时基于TGS360pro隧道超前预报系统原理,采用谱元法对掌子面前方存在充水溶洞的地质模型进行数值正演模拟,在波场分析的基础上,对正演所得地震波场记录数据进行Hilbert变换,得到了应力变化曲线。数值分析结果表明:TGS360pro隧道超前预报系统可以有效地探测掌子面前方富水状况,在隧道开挖建设中具有推广应用前景。     

Integrated UV-based photo microreactor-distillation technology toward process intensification of continuous ultra-high-purity electronic-grade silicon tetrachloride manufacture

Ultra-high-purity silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) is demanded as an electronic-grade chemical to meet the stringent requirements of the rapidly developing semiconductor industry. The high requirement for ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ has created the need for a high-efficient process for reducing energy consumption as well as satisfying product quality. In this paper, a mass of production technology of ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ was successfully developed through chlorination reaction in the ultraviolet (UV)-based photo microreactor coupled with the distillation process. The influences of key operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, UV wavelength and light intensity on the product quality, especially for hydrogen-containing impurities, were quantified by the infrared transmittance of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 2185 cm^-1 and 2160 cm^-1 indicating that characteristic vibrational modes of Si—H bonds, as well as the operating conditions of distillation were also investigated as key factors for metal impurities removing. The advanced intensification of SiCl₄ manufactured by the integration of photo microreactor and distillation achieves the products with superior specifications higher than the standard commercial products.