平行坐标技术在干式变压器温度场可视化分析中的应用

本文中笔者将平行坐标技术应用于变压器温度场多维可视化分析,以矿用变压器为例,给出了其高、低压绕组纵向温度分布.     

一种大量元素水溶肥料的制备及其在玉米上的喷施效果

根据玉米需肥特性设计氮磷钾比例,制备了含中微量元素的大量元素水溶肥料,产品氮、磷、钾比例为2∶1∶4,属于高钾中氮低磷型.在河北省安平县前子文村和浙江省新昌县孟家塘村玉米上开展了叶面喷施试验.结果表明:玉米生物学性能得到改善,玉米产量、出籽率、百粒重与容重得到提高;与空白对照相比,平均增产率为5.45％,平均纯增收896.40元/公顷,平均产投比为5.43∶1.     

20MnCr5圆棒锯切困难原因分析

某厂在锯切20MnCr5圆棒过程中锯条容易断裂，采用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等观察分析手段，对锯条容易断裂的原因进行分析。分析结果表明：锯条断裂的原因为加工20MnCr5过程中粘刀崩齿。针对此类加工缺陷，提出了相应的改进措施。     

电站锅炉空气预热器跳闸分析与处理

某厂空气预热器因蓄热元件损坏严重,存在很大安全隐患.运行中出现了空气预热器卡涩跳闸,排烟温度大幅升高,严重威胁锅炉安全运行.分析了空气预热器卡涩跳闸原因,并提出防范措施.     

Engineering Bioactive M2 Macrophage-Polarized Anti-Inflammatory,Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Scaffolds for Rapid Angiogenesis and Diabetic Wound Repair

Diabetic wound healing still faces great challenges due to the excessive inflammation, easy infection, and impaired angiogenesis in wound beds. The immunoregulation of macrophages polarization toward M2 phenotype that facilitates the transition from inflammation to proliferation phase has been proved to be an effective way to improve diabetic wound healing. Herein, an M2 phenotype-enabled anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial conductive hydrogel scaffolds (GDFE) for producing rapid angiogenesis and diabetic wound repair are reported. The GDFE scaffolds are fabricated facilely through the dynamic crosslinking between polypeptide and polydopamine and graphene oxide. The GDFE scaffolds possess thermosensitivity, self-healing behavior, injectability, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability, and electronic conductivity. GDFE effectively activates the polarization of macrophages toward M2 phenotype and significantly promotes the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts, the migration, and in vitro angiogenesis of endothelial cells through paracrine mechanisms. The in vivo results from a full-thickness diabetic wound model demonstrate that GDFE can rapidly promote the diabetic wound repair and skin regeneration, through fast anti-inflammation and angiogenesis and M2 macrophage polarization. This study provides highly efficient strategy for treating diabetic wound repair through designing the M2 polarization-enabled anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial bioactive materials.     

雪菊精油对希氏肠球菌产酪胺及相关基因表达的影响

探讨不同质量浓度雪菊精油对希氏肠球菌（Enterococcus hirae）N47产酪胺的影响机制。利用反转录实时定量聚合酶链式反应分析E. hirae在雪菊精油作用下酪氨酸脱羧途径相关基因的表达情况；利用高效液相色谱法检测不同质量浓度雪菊精油对E. hirae产酪胺的影响。并将E. hirae接入到含不同质量浓度雪菊精油的熏马肠中发酵，评估香肠pH值、菌落总数和酪胺积累量。结果表明：在E. hirae纯培养体系和熏马肠体系中，雪菊精油通过抑制微生物的生长和酪氨酸脱羧途径中tyr DC、tyr P基因的表达，降低酪胺的积累量（P＜0.05）。当雪菊精油添加量为1/2最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration，MIC）和MIC时，熏马肠中酪胺的含量分别为78.52 mg/kg和45.83 mg/kg，较对照组分别减少了64.72%和79.41%。     

海上热采防砂封隔器研制与室内试验

海上稠油热采开发过程中,通常采用蒸汽吞吐的方式进行原油开采。为满足稠油热采长效密封要求,研制了HPHT-215型热采防砂封隔器。封隔器胶筒采用特制的氟硅基复合材料+玻璃纤维网结构,并开展了材料性能评价测试。通过有限元分析和室内胶筒组合测试,对胶筒材料和组合结构进行了评价优化。室内全尺寸整机测试表明:封隔器能够满足耐温350 ℃、耐压21 MPa密封性能要求,并开展了高低温多轮次密封性能评价测试。该型热采防砂封隔器的研制成功,为海上稠油蒸汽吞吐多轮次开发提供了保障,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Effects of four multi-compound freezing medium on the quality of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) during frozen storage

Taking air freezing (AF) as the reference, the effects of four types of multi-compound freezing medium for cryogenic liquid quick-freezing (immersion freezing, IF) on the freezing rate, quality and myofibrillar protein (MP) denaturation of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) fillets during frozen storage (−18°C) from days 0 to 90 were studied. Samples were gathered on days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 for analysis. The results showed that IF groups (IF-1: 20% ethanol, 30% propylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF-2: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% glycerol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF-3: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% polyethylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution; IF-4: 20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 5% glycerol, 5% polyethylene glycol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution) significantly shortened the time to cross the formation zone of maximum ice crystals while the freezing rate was 6.13 times higher than the AF group after adding 30% propylene glycol as the freezing medium. Furthermore, compared with the AF group, the IF groups significantly reduced losses in the water-holding capacity, the myofibrillar fragmentation index, microstructure damage, texture characteristics, drip loss and water migration (P < 0.05). In addition, the MP of IF groups had higher maximum transition temperatures (T_max1 and T_max2), total sulfhydryl content, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity and relative α-helix content compared with the AF group. In conclusion, IF could significantly increase the freezing rate of red drum fillets, and slow down quality deterioration and denaturation of MP during frozen storage for 90 days (−18°C). In particular, IF-2 (20% ethanol, 20% propylene glycol, 10% glycerol, 10% sodium chloride aqueous solution) was found to be more suitable for the immersion freezing of marine fish among the four multi-compound freezing medium.     

消色差超构表面复合透镜

超构表面因其体积轻薄易于集成化，有望在某些特定场合取代传统透镜实现多功能光学器件。超构表面的光束偏转角随波长的增加而增大，与传统折射透镜相比产生相反的色散，这种色散又被称为“异常色散”或“负色散”。理论上利用超构表面的负色散和传统折射光学器件的正色散相抵消，可以完全矫正光学系统的色差。由此出发，设计了一种基于光刻胶材料，由Pancharatnam-Berry（PB）相位型超构表面作为第一透镜，传统球面透镜作为第二透镜的消色差超构表面复合透镜，利用时域有限差分数值模拟软件FDTD Solutions探索了该透镜在780～980 nm波段的聚焦性能，证明了消色差光刻胶超构表面复合透镜优异的消色差效果。相对传统的消色差超构表面通过相位补偿来消色差的方法，这种消色差设计简单且高效，为特定波段内的消色差成像提供了一定的借鉴意义。