Performance comparison between Chaos and quantum-chaos based image encryption techniques

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Today’s digital era has undertaken most of the responsibilities of public and private sectors, not only the industries or big organizations dependent on...     

An Effective Approach on Attaining Enhanced Silicon Solar Cell Performance Through Sputter Deposited Perovskite Thin Films

Silicon - Antireflection coatings (ARCs) have become one of the key techniques for mass production of Si solar cells. They are generally performed by vacuum processes such as thermal evaporation,...     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of nano-sized Cu0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 via citrate and aloe vera: A comparative study

In this report, Cu_0.5Ni_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by solgel using eco-friendly aloe vera extract and citric acid separately and their properties were discussed. Structural, Functional, morphological, magnetic properties of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD exhibited the samples have single phase cubic spinel with average size of 46.4?nm and 35.45?nm. Two characteristics bands of ferrite were confirmed by FTIR. TEM indicated different morphology of the samples with some regularity. VSM data showed that higher coercivity for the sample prepared by aloe vera extract.     

Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pongamia pinnata</Emphasis>, a Potential Biodiesel Crop

The chemical characteristics of Pongamia pinnata seeds, focussing on proximate composition and the fatty acid profile of its oil, are presented. The proximate composition of P. pinnata seeds was: 3.8% ash, 9.7% sugar, 7.07% protein, 24% oil, 10.7% free amino acids, and 0.24% free fatty acids. The oil was extracted from seeds by use of different solvents and the highest yield (29%) was obtained by use of n-hexane. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 63.3 and 22.9%, respectively, of the seed oil. Oleic acid was the major fatty acid but a substantial amount of erucic acid was also detected; this was not reported in previous studies. The level of erucic acid and the presence of toxic flavonoids, for example karanjin, pongapin, and pongaglabrin, render the oil inedible according to WHO recommendations. However, low levels of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids with desirable cetane number and iodine value suggest potential for application as a biodiesel fuel.     

Study of electroless template synthesized ZnSe nanowires and its characterization

In this work, the successful synthesis of ZnSe nanowires using alumina template by simple and facile electroless template technique has been reported. Morphological characterization of the synthesized nanowires has been done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. The optical characterizations were conducted by UV–visible and time resolved photo-luminescence. Grain size of synthesized ZnSe nanowires was also calculated using the XRD results. The calculated crystallite size was found to be 6.80 nm. SEM analysis confirms the fabrication of nanowires successfully and it also confirms the size of the nanowires as per the template parameters. The calculated band gap value of 3.03 eV shows the origin of quantum confinement effect in ZnSe nanowires even at the 100 nm scale. The time resolved photoluminescence result indicates that the ZnSe nanowires can be a promising material for luminescent applications in micro-second time domain.     

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonate Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Ionic Liquid Catalysts

A comparative study was effectuated between the catalytic performance of homogeneous and silica supported ionic liquids (SSILs) for the cycloaddition of epoxides and CO₂ under microwave irradiation by varying the reaction parameters. Compared to the classical heating mode, both catalysts showed higher activity at moderate reaction condition through microwave irradiation.     

The Practical Application of Ozone Gas as an Anti-fungal (Anti-mold) Agent

We evaluated the ability of a portable ozone generating machine (Viroforce 1000) to inactivate 13 different species of environmental fungi. Samples, prepared as wet or dried films, were subjected to one or two cycles of treatment (35 ppm ozone for 20 minutes, with a short burst of?>90%?relative humidity), and measured for residual viability. Treatments could inactivate 3 log₁₀ cfu (colony forming units) of most of the fungi, both in the laboratory and in simulated field conditions, on various surfaces. We conclude that the ozone generator would be a valuable decontamination tool for mold removal in buildings.     

Interlaboratory comparison of real-time PCR protocols for quantification of general fecal indicator bacteria

The application of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) technologies for the rapid identification of fecal bacteria in environmental waters is being considered for use as a national water quality metric in the United States. The transition from research tool to a standardized protocol requires information on the reproducibility and sources of variation associated with qPCR methodology across laboratories. This study examines interlaboratory variability in the measurement of enterococci and Bacteroidales concentrations from standardized, spiked, and environmental sources of DNA using the Entero1a and GenBac3 qPCR methods, respectively. Comparisons are based on data generated from eight different research facilities. Special attention was placed on the influence of the DNA isolation step and effect of simplex and multiplex amplification approaches on interlaboratory variability. Results suggest that a crude lysate is sufficient for DNA isolation unless environmental samples contain substances that can inhibit qPCR amplification. No appreciable difference was observed between simplex and multiplex amplification approaches. Overall, interlaboratory variability levels remained low (<10% coefficient of variation) regardless of qPCR protocol.     

Models for minimum explosible concentration of organic dust clouds handled in industries

Dust explosion hazard exists in plants and facilities wherever combustible dusts are hardled. Minimum explosible concentration of dust clouds is an important factor requiring special attention for hazard evaluation if any technological equipment is to be protected by inertisation. The mathematical models available for prediction of this parameter have been analysed for their application to organic dust clouds. Solution of the most general mode for determination of minimum explosible concentration of dust clouds proposed by Mitsui and Tanaka is presented, together with the comparison with experimental data. It has been found that the model is not successful in predicting the minimum explosible concentration for organic dusts. Recommendations on requirement of development of a new model for prediction of minimum explosible concentration of an organic dust such as polyethylen have been given.     

Models for minimum ignition temperature of organic dust clouds

The minimum ignition temperature of dust clouds is one of the important factors required for the design of preventive measures against dust explosion. The mathematical models available to predict this parameter have been analyzed for thier application to organic dust clouds. A solution of the most general model proposed by Mitsui and Tanaka is presented, together with its comparision with experimental data. It has been found to be quite successful in predicting the minimum ignition temperature for metal dusts but not for organic dusts. Recommendations for the development of a new model to predict the minimum ignition temperature of an organic dust, such as polyethylene, have been given.