3GPP LTE‐Assisted Wi‐Fi‐Direct: Trial Implementation of Live D2D Technology

This paper is a first‐hand summary on our comprehensive live trial of cellular‐assisted device‐to‐device (D2D) communications currently being ratified by the standards community for next‐generation mobile broadband networks. In our test implementation, we employ a full‐featured 3GPP LTE network deployment and augment it with all necessary support to provide real‐time D2D connectivity over emerging Wi‐Fi‐Direct (WFD) technology. As a result, our LTE‐assisted WFD D2D system enjoys the required flexibility while meeting the existing standards in every feasible detail. Further, this paper provides an account on the extensive measurement campaign conducted with our implementation. The resulting real‐world measurements from this campaign quantify the numerical effects of D2D functionality on the resultant system performance. Consequently, they shed light on the general applicability of LTE‐assisted WFD solutions and associated operational ranges.     

The decrease of lasalocid residue in the edible tissues by silymarin supplementation of chicken diet

Widespread use of coccidiostats, in spite of beneficial control of protozoan infections in poultry, implies a risk of residues in edible tissues, and there is increasing interest in the development of strategies for prevention of veterinary drugs residue in food-producing animals. The aim of this study is assigned to clarify the impact of silymarin addendum in the diet on lasalocid concentration in the liver and breast muscles from the broiler. Four groups of chickens received a feed with lasalocid at levels between 75 and 200 mg kg^?1. Other four groups received a feed with lasalocid (75–200 mg kg^?1) plus silymarin. Significant differences of lasalocid concentrations between the liver and breast muscles were observed. Moreover, the chickens from the groups supplemented with silymarin shown significant decreases of lasalocid concentrations in the analysed tissues. The herbal substance did not counteract the ionophore in the treatment of coccidiosis and did not change biochemical parameters of blood. These findings suggest that silymarin might be used in chicken feeding in order to reduce the risk from lasalocid contamination of the broiler edible tissues.     

Fuzzy measures and generalized Möbius transform

Generalized Möbius transform is recalled and applied in some special cases. The relationship with the standard Möbius transform is shown. By means of the generalized Möbius transform, a general concept of k -order additivity independent of the cardinality of the underlying space is introduced. The relationship of the Choquet integral and the Lebesgue integral by means of the generalized Möbius transform is clarified. Also possibilistic Möbius transform and k -order possibility measures are introduced. Finally, some examples are given, including the characterization of de Finetti's discrete lower probabilities.     

Multiphase microstructure in steel bars produced by dieless drawing

In the dieless drawing technology the drawing dies are replaced by a heating device, generally by an induction coil. Bars of different cross-sections, round or even rectangular, with varying dimensions along the length can be produced. By using a cooling box in connection with the heating device this deformation process may also be employed for a thermomechanical treatment of steels. The special cooling strategy with low cooling rates at high temperatures (during ferrite formation) and higher cooling rates at lower temperatures favours the formation of multiphase microstructures (ferrite - bainite/martensite) with a low yield strength but a strong work hardening effect. The experiments were carried out on rods with a diameter of 16 mm of a plain low carbon steel (0.1%C, 0.7%Mn). The specimens were locally heated up to the maximum temperature ?_max that initiates the dieless drawing process, and subsequently cooled with different coolants. The change in yield strength and tensile strength and the corresponding change in the ratio of both could be achieved by variation of ?_max and the cooling conditions. The multiphase microstructure with desired mechanical properties was produced at a strain of about more than 0.45 within the region of ?_max ≈ 900–1000°C and a finale cooling rate of about 20 K/s.     

Criteria importances in median-like aggregation

An axiomatization of criteria importances appearing in a given aggregation operator is proposed. Some distinguished examples are recalled. For the class of k-medians, an integral based approach for inclusion of criteria importances is introduced. Several examples are given. The case of ordinal scales is also discussed     

Effect of the finish rolling and cooling conditions on the properties of microalloyed plate steels

The processing parameters of finish rolling and cooling of three HSLA steels were varied in a wide range applying the plane strain hot compression simulation test on the hot deformation simulator (Wumsi). Evaluating the flow curves of the deformation steps, some metallurgical phenomena in austenite during hot deformation could be determined. The results of material testing after the simulation experiments exhibit a strong correlation between the finish rolling and cooling conditions and the final mechanical properties of the steels tested. As a way to increase strength, lowering finishing temperatures and/or accelerating cooling after finish rolling proved to be most effective. To improve notch toughness, on the other hand, a high total finishing strain should be applied as well as low finishing temperatures, however, above A_r3.     

Versuchsmethodik für Laboruntersuchungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Herstellungsbedingungen,Gefüge und Werkstoffeigenschaften

Wegen ihrer großen Bedeutung unter den heutigen Herstellungsverfahren wurden thermomechanische Behandlungen durch Warmflachstauchversuche mit dem Warmumformsimulator (Wumsi) des Max-Planck-Instituts für Eisenforschung durchgeführt. Die gegenüber anderen Simulationsverfahren vergleichsweise großen Wumsi-Proben erlaubten erstmalig mit aus ihnen entnommenen 1/2 CT-Proben auch die Durchführung von Bruchmechanikversuchen an im Labor thermomechanisch behandeltem Stahl. Hierbei wurden die Meßwerte mit einem Laborrechnersystem für die spätere Auswertung gespeichert. Die beschriebene Versuchsmethodik wird exemplarisch mit Versuchsergebnissen an dem Vergütungsstahl 50 CrMo 4 illustriert. Neben einer thermomechanischen Behandlung mit vier simulierten Walzstichen wurde eine konventionelle Vergleichsvariante erzeugt; die Proben wurden bei verschiedenen Temperaturen angelassen. Sowohl bei den Ergebnissen der Zug- und Kerbschlagbiegeversuche, als auch bei den bruchmechanischen Kennwerten Rißzähigkeit K_Ic und J_R-Rißwiderstandskurven zeigte sich die Verbesserung der Werkstoffeigenschaften durch die thermomechanische Behandlung gegenüber denen nach der konventionellen Behandlung.     

Improvement of mechanical properties of pearlitic and pearlitic-ferritic steels by deformation-induced changes of microstructure

By using laboratory simulation tests thermomechanical processing, based on a post-transformation hot deformation with accelerated cooling, was employed on two steels with 0.46 and 0.76% C. Finer pearlite interlamellar spacing, reduced proeutectoid ferrite, and partially spheroidized pearlite bring about a substantial increase of strength without loss of toughness and ductility.