An enhanced electrical method is presented for measuring the average junction temperature of an RF bipolar transistor. A two-step procedure, previously developed for DC operation, is extended to include the junction temperature measurement for an RF power transistor in a tuned amplifier circuit. The measurement technique is convenient, since it can be used with normal, packaged devices, and does not require a complex heat flow model or ambient temperature measurements 相似文献
A new 550 V lateral base resistance controlled thyristor structure is proposed and its operation is rigorously characterised by two-dimensional numerical simulation in the off-state, on-state, and turn-off transient mode. Simulations indicate a 40% lower forward voltage drop over a comparable LIGBT, and a superior switching property over other competing lateral thyristor structures 相似文献
By using an UF apparatus equipped with new mineral membranes making it possible to reach a protein content of 21% and a T.S. content of 45%, making semi-hard cheese such as the French variety St. Paulin was studied. Properties of precheeses were characterized for defining optimum parameters of the proposed process. Acidification, addition of salt, renneting pH, and temperature were studied for their influence regarding the rheological behavior of the precheese and/or the organoleptic qualities of young and ripened cheese. Advantages of the process: increase of 199 of the cheese yield, no in vat processing, possible addition of flavouring substances are discussed. Performances observed with the new UF equipment (30 l of milk treated per hour and m2) and its cleanability offer sufficient reliability to envisage an industrial scale up. 相似文献
Food Science and Biotechnology - The physico-chemical, polyphenols, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of berries and mixture of male and female leaves of Hippophae salicifolia were... 相似文献
The electrochemical discharge machining is a highly stochastic process involving a number of complex parameters. Controlling of these process parameters simultaneously to fetch the best possible performance is a difficult task. Determining an optimal parametric combination has become complex owing to interdependency of the parameters. In this work, the authors have made an attempt to establish the optimal combination of control parameters for machining of micro-channels on quartz glass. Taguchi’s standard orthogonal array (L9) with Grey relational analysis (GRA) approach was used to establish the optimal parametric conditions for reducing the Width overcut (WOC) of micro-channels and increasing the Material removal rate (MRR). In order to optimize MRR and WOC together, the optimal combination of the selected control variables was obtained using the GRA. The experimental results showed the effectiveness of the adapted method to indicate the performance of the electrochemical discharge machining process.
Canola oil with an iodine value of 112/100 g, and containing 60% oleic acid and 20% linoleic acid, was epoxidised using a
peroxyacid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and a carboxylic acid (acetic or formic acid) in the presence of an acidic
ion exchange resin (AIER), Amberlite IR 120H. Acetic acid was found to be a better oxygen carrier than formic acid, as it
produced about 10% more conversion of ethylenic unsaturation to oxirane than that produced by formic acid under otherwise
identical conditions. A detailed process developmental study was then performed with the acetic acid/AIER combination. The
parameters optimised were temperature (65 °C), acetic acid to ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio (0.5), hydrogen peroxide
to ethylenic unsaturation molar ratio (1.5), and AIER loading (22%). An iodine conversion of 88.4% and a relative conversion
to oxirane of 90% were obtained at the optimum reaction conditions. The heterogeneous catalyst, AIER, was found to be reusable
and exhibited a negligible loss in activity. 相似文献
Phenol is a refractive pollutant that is generated from almost all the types of industries. Removal of phenol can be achieved economically by using a cost effective technique like adsorption on to activated carbon. The present paper reports on the preparation and characterization of activated carbon from tamarind nutshell, an agricultural waste byproduct, and its use in a packed bed for the removal of phenol. The breakthrough curves for column sorption of phenol from aqueous solutions to TNSAC have been measured at various flow rates and different particle sizes at 28 °C. The results obtained showed that the sorption of phenol is dependent on both the flow rate and the particle size of the adsorbent, and that the breakpoint time and phenol removal yield decrease with increasing flow rate and particle size. The overall mass transfer coefficient is calculated from the experimental data and compared with the values obtained from the correlation. Experimental values are in excellent agreement with the predicted values from the correlation. 相似文献
The pH within individual organelles of the secretory pathway is believed to be an important determinant of their biosynthetic activity. However, little is known about the determinants and regulation of the pH in the secretory organelles, which cannot be readily accessed by [H+]-sensitive probes. We devised a procedure for the dynamic, noninvasive measurement of pH in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum in intact mammalian cells. A recombinant form of the B subunit of Shiga toxin, previously modified to include a carboxyl-terminal KDEL sequence and a pH-sensitive fluorophore, was used for a two-stage delivery strategy. Retrograde traffic of endogenous lipids was harnessed to target this protein to the Golgi complex, followed by retrieval to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by KDEL receptors. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy were used to verify the subcellular localization of the modified B fragment. Fluorescence ratio imaging and two independent calibration procedures were applied to determine the pH of the ER in situ. We found that the pH of the endoplasmic reticulum is near neutral and is unaffected during agonist-induced release of calcium. The ER was found to be highly permeable to H+ (equivalents), so that the prevailing [H+] is susceptible to alterations in the cytosolic pH. Plasmalemmal acid-base transporters were shown to indirectly regulate the endoplasmic reticulum pH. 相似文献
A simple circuit modification is presented for reducing the output jitter of the self-sustaining monostable multivibrator clock recovery circuit. Jitter is reduced by preventing the monostable multivibrator from being triggered by pulses that arrive early. Experimental results in a fibre-optic system employing the Petrovic code show that, with this modification, the jitter variance can easily be reduced by a factor of 6. 相似文献