Interaction bounds in multivariable control systems

Time-domain limitations due to right half-plane zeros and poles in linear multivariable control systems are studied. Lower bounds on the interaction are derived. They show not only how the location of zeros and poles are critical in multivariable systems, but also how the zero and pole directions influence the performance. The results are illustrated on the quadruple-tank process, which is a new multivariable laboratory process.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF A WELDED DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

Abstract— In response to the increasing structural applications in duplex steels for welded structures, fatigue behaviour of a SAF 2304 grade duplex stainless steel was investigated, considering both the base metal and GTAW welded joints. Fatigue curves and fatigue limits under rotary bending fatigue were obtained. The study focused attention on the microstructural features of fatigue crack propagation of the two series of experiments, thereby permitting an evaluation of the tortuous crack path of welded joints and the mechanisms related to threshold microstructural barriers.     

A parametric interpolator with confined chord errors, acceleration and deceleration for NC machining

Parametric interpolation has many advantages over linear interpolation in machining curves. Real time parametric interpolation research so far has addressed achieving a uniform feed rate, confined chord errors and jerk limited trajectory planning. However, simultaneous consideration of confined chord errors that respect the acceleration and deceleration capabilities of the machine has not been attempted. In this paper, the offline detection of feed rate sensitive corners is proposed. The velocity profile in these zones is planned so that chord errors are satisfied while simultaneously accommodating the machine's acceleration and deceleration limits. Outside the zone of the feed rate sensitive corners, the feed rate is planned using the Taylor approximation. Simulation results indicate that the offline detection of feed rate sensitive corners improves parametric interpolation. For real time interpolation, the parametric curve information can be augmented with the detected feed rate sensitive corners that are stored in 2×2 matrices.     

Impairment of long-term associative memory in aging snails (Lymnaea stagnalis).

Age-dependent impairment in learning and memory functions occurs in many animal species, including humans. Although cell death contributes to age-related cognitive impairment in pathological forms of aging, learning and memory deficiencies develop with age even without substantial cell death. The molecular and cellular basis of this biological aging process is not well understood but seems to involve a decline in the aging brain's capacity for experience-dependent plasticity. To aid in resolving this issue, we used a simple snail appetitive classical conditioning paradigm in which the underlying molecular, cellular, and neural network functions can be directly linked to age-associated learning and memory performance (i.e., the Lymnaea stagnalis feeding system). Our results indicate that age does not affect the acquisition of appetitive memory but that retention and/or consolidation of long-term memory become progressively impaired with advancing age. The latter phenomenon correlates with declining electrophysiological excitability in key neurons controlling the feeding behavior. Together, these results present the Lymnaea feeding system as a powerful paradigm for investigations of cellular and molecular foundations of biological aging in the brain. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An improved bacterial foraging algorithm for combined static/dynamic environmental economic dispatch

Economic dispatch is carried out at the energy control center to find out the optimal output of thermal generating units such that power balance criterion is met, unit operating limits are satisfied and the fuel cost is minimized. With growing environmental awareness and strict government regulations throughout the world, it has become essential to optimize not only the total fuel cost but also the harmful emissions, both, under static as well as dynamic conditions. The static environment economic dispatch finds the optimal output of generating units for a fixed load demand at a given time, while the dynamic environmental economic dispatch schedules the output of online generators with changing power demands over a certain time period (normally one day) so as to minimize these two conflicting objectives, simultaneously. In this paper, the price penalty factor approach is employed for simultaneous minimization of cost and emission. The generator ramp rate constraints, non-convex and discontinuous nature of cost function and the large number of generators in practical power plants, make this problem very difficult to solve. Here, a fuzzy ranking approach is employed to identify the solution which offers the best compromise between cost and emission objectives.     

浅谈古典俳句研究方向的新维度——以松尾芭蕉为例

以松尾芭蕉为例,通过探讨古典俳句研究的三个新维度,即心理学维度、“大数据”维度以及“环保旅行”维度,挖掘蕉风俳句的多维度内涵和时代价值,希冀为俳句的审美、创作和价值研究开辟出一条新路。     

环境流计算新方法:水文变化的生态限度法

水文变化的生态限度框架(ELOHA)是环境流理论最新成果。ELOHA要求对河流按照水文情势特征进行分类,相同类型河流的水文—生态关系具有相似性。ELOHA还要求对开发前后水文情势变化进行分析,计算现状水文条件与基准水文条件的偏离程度。ELOHA提出了水文情势变化预期生态响应的若干假定,总结了一套为建立水文—生态关系采用的生态指标。在建立大型水文和生物数据库的基础上,运用统计学方法拟合水文—生态函数关系。最后,各利益相关者对水文变化引起的生态风险进行评估,认定可以接受的生态风险水平,再依据水文—生态曲线,确定环境流标准。     

图的点可区别边染色算法研究

针对一般图设计了一种新型的点可区别边染色算法。该算法把概率思想和图染色相结合, 根据点可区别边染色的约束规则确立目标函数, 利用交换规则逐步寻优, 当目标函数的值满足要求时染色成功。给出详细算法步骤并进行了测试和分析, 实验结果表明该算法可以求出满足猜想的点可区别边色数。     

Combustion of a gasoline-hydrogen-air mixture in a reciprocating internal combustion engine cylinder and determining the optimum gasoline-hydrogen ratio

This paper reports results of an analysis of experimental data on the combustion of a gasoline-hydrogen-air mixture in a reciprocating internal combustion engine cylinder. The completeness of combustion of the mixture is shown to depend on the amount of hydrogen in the fuel mixture and the composition and physicochemical properties of the mixture. In particular, the conditions of addition of hydrogen to the gasoline-air mixture with active chemical action on the combustion process and the action of hydrogen as an additional fuel component are determined. A dimensionless universal relation is proposed that allows one to uniquely determine the initial composition of the fuel mixture (hydrogen to gasoline ratio) to accomplish combustion of the fuel mixture at the lean combustion limit. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 8–14, July–August, 2007.     

碱金属热管轴向传热极限的研究

通过钠热管测试过程中的实验现象，分析研究热管轴向传热率受粘性传热极限、声速传热极限、毛细力传热极限的限制。给出各种传热极限时的壁温分布曲线，并将实验的传热率值与理论值进行比较。最后对实验过程中未发现携带传热极限进行了详细的分析。