纳米金红石型TiO2催化超声降解对硫磷

采用高温活化处理过的纳米金红石型TiO2为催化剂,研究了各种因素对有机磷农药对硫磷超声降解反应的影响.结果表明,在纳米金红石型TiO2的作用下,对硫磷的超声降解效果明显优于单纯使用超声的降解.降解过程符合一级动力学反应.在超声波输出功率50W、催化剂用量1000mg/L、pH10.00、温度20℃、对硫磷水溶液初始浓度50mg/L的条件下,120min时的降解率可达90%以上.     

复合催化法合成对硫磷

研究了以三甲胺作亲核催化剂、季铵盐A作相转移催化剂、水和极性有机溶剂B作双溶剂、亲核—相转移复合催化法合成对硫磷的方法,收率可达99％。     

甲基对硫磷在小白菜上的降解动态及最终残留量

为了解甲基对硫磷在小白菜上的降解动态及最终残留量，指导该农药的使用，给安全食用小白菜提供科学依据，该试验在银川郊区银新乡农户的温室菜棚中进行。喷药后第零天，第一天，第二天，第三天，第五天，第七天，每天分别取样，用气相色谱法分析测定甲基对硫磷在小白菜上的残留量，得出甲基对硫磷残留量(Y)与时间(t)的关系。实验结果表明，甲基对硫磷在小白菜上半衰期为2．91天；喷药后第七天，在小白菜中未检出甲基对硫磷的残留。     

时间三光路甲基对硫磷光声光谱法检测研究

介绍了光声光谱检测的原理,提出了时间三光路检测甲基对硫磷的方法,通过3个滤光片交替工作后得到3个光声信号进行加权处理,克服了传统单光路检测中光谱重叠造成的交叉敏感的缺点,建立了时间三光路检测的数学模型,设计了光声光谱检测的实验平台,并把测量数据进行了分析和比较,确定了该方法的可行性与准确性。     

A S‐Layer Protein of Bacillus anthracis as a Building Block for Functional Protein Arrays by In Vitro Self‐Assembly

S‐layer proteins create a cell‐surface layer architecture in both bacteria and archaea. Because S‐layer proteins self‐assemble into a native‐like S‐layer crystalline structure in vitro, they are attractive building blocks in nanotechnology. Here, the potential use of the S‐layer protein EA1 from Bacillus anthracis in constructing a functional nanostructure is investigated, and apply this nanostructure in a proof‐of‐principle study for serological diagnosis of anthrax. EA1 is genetically fused with methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH), to degrade methyl parathion and provide a label for signal amplification. EA1 not only serves as a nanocarrier, but also as a specific antigen to capture anthrax‐specific antibodies. As results, purified EA1–MPH forms a single layer of crystalline nanostructure through self‐assembly. Our chimeric nanocatalyst greatly improves enzymatic stability of MPH. When applied to the detection of anthrax‐specific antibodies in serum samples, the detection of our EA1–MPH nanostructure is nearly 300 times more sensitive than that of the unassembled complex. Together, it is shown that it is possible to build a functional and highly sensitive nanosensor based on S‐layer protein. In conclusion, our present study should serve as a model for the development of other multifunctional nanomaterials using S‐layer proteins.     

高频超声降解对硫磷的反应动力学及机理

研究了高频超声降解水溶液中对硫磷的反应动力学以及机理.引入拟一级反应动力学模型以及响应面方法对对硫磷初始浓度、超声功率以及频率对对硫磷降解效果的影响进行评估.经过响应面实验设计和实验以及对拟合的二次模型分析发现,拟合模型显著(P=0.000 2),且拟合不足不显著(P=0.113 6),相关系数平方R2=0.973 3,表明模型具有较好的回归性.对于对硫磷降解拟一级动力学表观速率系数具有显著性影响的一次项为超声功率值以及对硫磷的初始浓度值,二次项为超声频率值,交互项均不显著.在实验研究的超声功率、频率以及对硫磷初始浓度范围内,对硫磷降解拟一级动力学表观速率系数随超声功率的增大而减小,随初始浓度的增大而减小,并且存在一个最优的降解频率.     

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of lindane, carbofuran and methyl parathion on various Indian soils

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of three insecticides on four Indian soils were studied. Insecticides used were representative of organochlorine, organophosphate, and carbomate groups. The order of adsorption of pesticides on soils was: lindane > methyl parathion > carbofuran. Compost soil had shown the maximum adsorption capacity. The order of adsorption capacity of various soils were: compost soil > clayey soil > red soil > sandy soil. Adsorption isotherms were better fitted to Freundlich model and K_f values increased with increase in organic matter content of the soils. Thermodynamic parameters indicated favorable adsorption of all the three pesticides in four different soils. Adsorption was exothermic in nature. Distilled water desorbed 30–60% of adsorbed pesticides whereas; organic solvents were able to affect 50–80% of sorbed pesticides. Clay content and organic matter played a significant role in pesticide adsorption and desorption processes. Hysteresis effect was observed in red, clayey and compost soils. Hysteresis effect increased with increase in organic matter and clay content of the soils.     

对硫磷酶联免疫吸附分析方法的建立和评价

通过制备对硫磷的多克隆抗体,建立了对硫磷的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法(icELISA)。通过活泼酯法将半抗原分别与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,获得免疫抗原和包被抗原。使用对硫磷抗血清,经优化条件参数建立了对硫磷的icELISA分析方法。该方法检测线性范围为3.39～533.05ng/mL,最低检测限为0.90ng/mL,对蔬菜样品和水样品的平均添加回收率为75.6%～127.4%,能用于实际样品中对硫磷的检测。     

甲基对硫磷水解酶分离条件的量热学优化

运用酶热分析方法,以甲基对硫磷水解酶(MPH)作为目标蛋白,牛血红蛋白(BHb)、肌红蛋白(Mb)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为杂蛋白,通过溶液pH以及流动相中NaCl浓度的考察,确定了甲基对硫磷水解酶的最佳分离条件。实验结果表明,在pH为8.0,NaCl浓度为0.8 mol/L时,甲基对硫磷水解酶的分离效果最佳。     

甲基对硫磷水解酶纯化与保存

对带有重组表达质粒E.coli菌种进行了扩大培养,在IPTG的诱导下大量表达,获得了C-末端含有6个寡聚组氨酸的甲基对硫磷水解酶。经Ni-NTA亲和层析获得了具有较高生物活性的甲基对硫磷水解酶。本文对该酶纯化的梯度洗脱条件和酶动力学进行了考察,并通过环境对酶活性的影响检测,确定了将酶制备成冻干粉,更利于保存。