夹杂物在P/M镍基高温合金中的变形行为及对低周疲劳性能的影响

通过在 5 0～ 10 0 μm粒度范围FGH95合金粉末中预先加入夹杂物的方法 ,系统研究了5 0～ 5 0 0 μm有机和无机不同类型的夹杂物 ,经过热等静压和热等静压加锻造后的形态变化 ,及其与合金基体的相互作用特点 ,以及对P/M盘件径向试样低周疲劳寿命的影响。     

Cyclic deformation and microstructural behaviour of reduced activation ferritic–martensitic steels

Abstract

The present paper presents results about cyclic behaviour and the evolution of the dislocation structure of reduced activation ferritic–martensitic steels and commercial martensitic steels AISI 410 and 420. The variation of the free dislocation density within subgrains and subgrain size was mainly analysed during the cyclic softening of EUROFER 97 steel. From the analysis of the flow stress components, the friction and back stresses, and the information of the evolution of the dislocation structure, it could be concluded that the softening of tempered martensitic steels at 20°C is produced by the contribution of the friction stress and aided later by the back stress.     

SEM in-situ Fatigue Observation on Crack Initiation and Growth from Inclusion in P/M Rene95 Superalloy

A special designed experiment was conducted for observing crack initiation and growth in P/M Rene9S superalloy under ten- sion-tension loading by self-made SEM in-situ fatigue loading stag. Several alumina inclusion particles exposed at the specimen surface were observed carefully. During fatigue test inclusions led to cracks initiation. The cracks can be formed by two mechanisms. Generally, the cracks nucleated at the interface between inclusion and matrix. Sometimes, cracks were also formed inside the inclusion. As the in- crease of cycles, some cracks at the interface between inclusion and matrix broadened and propagated along the direction about 45° to the loading axis. On the other hand, the cracks inside the inclusion propagated in the inclusion and towards matrix.     

Low cycle fatigue mechanism of René 80 at high temperature–high strain

The low cycle fatigue René 80, a Ni-base superalloy, was studied at temperature of 871 °C, R = (_min/_max) = 0 and strain rate of about 2 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹. The dislocation structure and failure surface observations were evaluated through TEM and SEM. TEM studies showed that at Δ_t = 0.8% during the first cycle the dislocations formed a hexagonal network in the γ-phase matrix. When the number of cycles increased, the density of dislocations increased as well. At N = N_f and Δ_t = 0.8% the cutting of γ′ precipitates took place. SEM studies at Δ_t = 0.8% and N = N_f showed that fatigue crack initiation generally occurred at the surface, where it is depleted of the γ′ phase as a result of oxidation by the high-temperature exposure. In addition to depleted zones, the grain boundary oxidation and oxide spikes were also considered as further crack initiation sites.     

高精度模数转换器积分非线性建模与校正

积分非线性（INL）是影响ADC性能重要的参数。文中采用基于建立动态模型的方法,对高精度模数转换器芯片AD6645的积分非线性进行建模与校正,使得AD6645的性能得到大幅提升。测试结果表明,在30 MHz带宽范围内,ADC的无杂散动态范围、信纳比和有效位数等指标均得到提高。另外,此校准算法具有一定的普适性,有望适用于所有流水线ADC的校准。     

某型燃机支承环故障诊断分析及改进措施

针对某型燃气轮机支承环在试验过程中发生断裂、掉块故障,分别进行了强度计算、振动模态分析、低循环疲劳寿命分析以及断口分析。综合分析结果表明：支承环故障属于高低周复合疲劳;焊缝和螺纹处应力集中导致应力过大而开裂;采取把周向焊缝取消,将月牙板和罩壳一体设计及降低应力集中等措施,排除故障。     

粉末冶金高温合金FGH97的低周疲劳断裂特征

研究了粉末冶金镍基高温合金FGH97在650℃,30—980 MPa,1 Hz实验条件下的低周疲劳断口的宏观及微观特征,裂纹源的类型及其形貌特征,以及裂纹源的位置、缺陷类型、形状和尺寸对低周疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明,在本次实验条件下该合金的低周疲劳寿命均超过了5000 cyc;统计得出,低周疲劳断口裂纹源在表面的试样占23%,在亚表面的占47%,在试样内部的占30%;裂纹源分平台、粉末颗粒、夹杂物3种类型,其中平台类型约占5%,粉末颗粒间断裂占15%,夹杂物占80%.由统计分析和计算得出,不同类型裂纹源对疲劳寿命的影响程度不同:夹杂物最严重,其次为异常粉末颗粒,再次为局部塑性变形.     

LIFE PREDICTION FOR THE TITANIUM ALLOY IMI 834 UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE CREEP–FATIGUE LOADINGS

In the present investigation the life behaviour of the titanium alloy IMI 834 under loading conditions which are close to real service was considered. Different types of creep–fatigue loadings were applied at 600°C, i.e. balanced and unbalanced cycles with different ramping times into tension and into compression and stress hold Strain Range Partitioning (SRP) cycles. The testing was performed in laboratory air. The results of the creep–fatigue tests showed that life was reduced by the different types of creep–fatigue cycles. In the stress hold tests the mean stresses had a pronounced influence on life. The observed life of the stress hold SRP cycles could be predicted within a factor of ±2 of actual life by frequency-modified approaches. If mean stresses were considered in terms of maximum tensile stress or by a modified Morrow approach, life predictions remained within a factor of ±1.5 of the actual test results. A SRP approach which was frequency modified in the present study led to life predictions which fell within a band of a factor of ±1.35 of the actual test results.     

金属低周疲劳的能量耗散与热发射

金属疲劳是一个能量耗散过程 ,其中主要的能量耗散形式包括内耗热和储能。储能是材料缺陷数量、分布及损伤状态的宏观体现 ,它需要借助于材料的热发射间接地获得。本文利用细小热敏电阻测量了 4 0 Cr Ni Mo A,80 90和 TC4三种材料在低周疲劳过程中的热发射规律 ,试验中观察到了温度涨落现象 ,发现热发射与材料的热传导系数、疲劳寿命和加载频率有关 ,并给出了最大温升的拟合公式