Effect of high temperature on the mechanical properties of hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foams

A hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foam (FHCs/KGP) was fabricated by the simultaneous incorporation of O₂ pore from hydrogen peroxide and cenosphere filler addition. Effects of both H₂O₂ content and high-temperature treatment on the microstructure, porosity and strength of porous FHCs/KGP foams were investigated systematically. The obtained FHCs/KGP foams showed typical amorphous structure and desirable porosity from 65 to 82%. The composites could crystallize in situ to FHCs/leucite foams above 1000℃. Compression strength of the FHCs/leucite foams showed a maximum value of 5 ± 0.3 MPa when treated at 1000°C. The improvement of mechanical properties for the composite foams was attributed to crack deflection, fractured microspheres and the good bond between the FHCs and matrix. This study could open opportunities to employ cellular foams as alternatives in structure and filtration applications.     

体型化NaA分子筛的制备研究

以粉煤灰一步酸溶法提取氧化铝剩余的酸溶渣为原料制备具有一定强度的地质聚合物,经过水热反应原位转化NaA分子筛。通过研究合成过程中的硅铝比、碱量、液固比等因素对制备体型化分子筛的影响,得到了制备酸溶渣基地质聚合物原位转化NaA型分子筛的最佳条件：在二氧化硅与三氧化二铝物质的量比为1.8、氧化钠与三氧化二铝物质的量比为1.0、水与酸溶渣质量比为1.2条件下制备出地质聚合物,之后在0.5 mol/L的75 mL氢氧化钠溶液中晶化,在晶化温度为100 ℃、晶化时间为8 h条件下可以制备出晶相单一、结晶度高的NaA体型化分子筛。制备的NaA体型化分子筛具有明显的立方体形貌,颗粒分布均匀,孔径为0.685 nm,比表面积为86.75 m²/g,抗压强度为4.5 MPa。     

地聚合物混凝土配比及力学性能研究

混凝土是巷道支护过程中的重要建筑材料,然而混凝土在巷道施工中常常出现质量问题,为了不影响正常生产,需要对其进行修补。地聚合物混凝土凝结时间快,早期强度高,界面结合能力强,耐高温性和抗冻性强,耐腐蚀性良好,具有用作修补材料的潜力。以粉煤灰和矿粉为原料,Na₂SiO₃溶液和NaOH为碱激发剂制备地聚合物胶砂,研究不同的碱激发剂模数（1.0、1.2、1.4）和掺量（10%、15%、20%）对不同龄期胶砂力学性能的影响。结果表明：当碱激发剂模数为1.2,碱掺量为15%时,胶砂强度达到最大值。设计正交试验,研究了不同水胶比（0.45、0.50、0.55）、粉煤灰掺量（30%、50%、70%）和砂率（30%、35%、40%）对不同龄期地聚合物混凝土的工作性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明：粉煤灰掺量对抗压强度影响最为显著,水胶比次之,而砂率对强度发展几乎没有影响。最优的配合比为水胶比为0.50,粉煤灰掺量为50%,砂率为35%。     

含钛高炉渣制备CaTiO3-多孔地质聚合物光降解吸附材料

含钛高炉渣作为固体废弃物,国内存量巨大,且其中的钛组元难以提取,导致含钛高炉渣综合利用一直没有得到有效解决。针对当前含钛高炉渣利用率低、附加值低等问题,基于含钛高炉渣成分特点,通过选择性析晶(CaTiO₃优势析出)、碱激发,制备出CaTiO₃-多孔地质聚合物的复合材料。试验结果表明,析晶温度1 400 ℃、保温1 h能够促进CaTiO₃的优势析出,而剩余氧化物以玻璃相形式存在。制备出的CaTiO₃-多孔地质聚合物材料结合了CaTiO₃高光催化活性与多孔地质聚合物比表面积大的优点,对亚甲基蓝具有优异的吸附效果,最大吸附量可达60.4 mg/g。在投加量为50 mg,2 h吸附、3 h光降解条件下,对亚甲基蓝去除率可达94.5%,在治理有机污染领域有良好的应用前景。     

Preparation and mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced calcined kaolin-fly ash based geopolymer

To improve the environmental benefits and solve the problems of large shrinkage and high brittleness, the partial replacement of calcined kaolin by fly ash as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis and the influences of polypropylene (PP) fiber on the mechanical properties and volume stability were investigated. The results show that compressive strength of the geopolymer containing 33.3%(mass fraction) fly ash by steam curing at 80 °C for 6 d is improved by 35.5%. The 3-day compressive strength, flexural strength and impacting energy of geopolymers containing 0.05%PP fiber increase by 67.8%, 36.1% and 6.25%, while the shrinkage and modulus of compressibility decrease by 38.6% and 31.3%, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the appearances of crack growths confirm that PP fiber can offer a bridging effect over the harmful pores and defects and change the expanding ways of cracks, resulting in a great improvement of strength and toughness. Foundation item: Project(2006AA06Z225) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

地聚物砂浆高温后抗拉和粘结性能及退化机理

为考察地聚物砂浆在有耐高温要求的混凝土结构加固领域的应用可行性,开展了常温下和高温后地聚物砂浆的抗拉强度试验以及地聚物砂浆与普通水泥砂浆及普通混凝土基体的粘结性能试验,并与普通水泥砂浆的抗拉及粘结性能进行试验比较;通过热重分析-差示扫描量热分析(TG-DSC),探究了地聚物砂浆的高温强度退化机理.试验结果表明:地聚物砂浆与水泥砂浆及混凝土之间的常温粘结强度分别达2.15 MPa及1.7 MPa,经300℃高温后残余粘结强度仍有1.5 MPa左右,远高于普通水泥砂浆的粘结强度;超过300℃以后地聚物砂浆的强度急剧退化,这主要是因地聚物砂浆高温脱水、微观结构遭受破坏引起.基于上述试验结果,可将地聚物砂浆用于300℃以下高温环境的混凝土结构修补加固.     

镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物的制备与表征

以工业固体废弃物镍渣和偏高岭土为原料,以水玻璃为激发剂,在相同稠度下制备镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物。研究了镍渣种类和掺量对地聚合物力学性能和体积变化的影响,测定了地聚合物的碱溶出情况,并利用XRD、SEM-EDS对地聚合物的矿物组成和微观形貌进行分析。结果表明:随着水淬镍渣掺量的增大,地聚合物的抗压强度先增大后降低,在镍渣掺量为50%、液固比为0.45时,地聚合物的抗压强度最大,28d达到58.8 MPa;而随着风冷镍渣掺量的增大,地聚合物的强度逐渐降低。此外,水淬镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物的体积变化主要表现为膨胀,而风冷镍渣/偏高岭土基地聚合物表现为收缩。     

Utilisation of iron ore mine tailings for the production of geopolymer bricks

This study presents a methodology for making bricks, in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner, using the tailings produced from iron ore mines in Western Australia (WA). The study was based on the geopolymerisation process, which is known to conserve energy by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. The reduction is accomplished by avoiding the processes of high temperature kiln firing, traditionally utilised when making bricks from sandy soils with high clay content. In this study, the sodium silicate was added to the mine tailings in powder form, as an activator for the formulation of the geopolymer bricks. The effects of the initial setting time, curing temperature, curing time and activator content on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), water absorption and other durability properties of the bricks were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to investigate the phase composition of the geopolymer bricks. The bricks achieved an UCS as high as 50.53 MPa for the optimum values of the parameters. Technically, the geopolymer bricks that were produced met both the American Society of Testing and Materials and the Australian Standards (AS) requirements for bricks. A cost analysis of the geopolymer bricks is also presented, and this shows that the cost of geopolymer bricks is lower than that of the commercial, fired clay bricks.     

粉煤灰基地质聚合物凝结时间的影响因素研究

以粉煤灰为原料,系统研究了水玻璃模数及掺量、水胶比、温度、外掺剂等参数对粉煤灰基地质聚合物凝结时间的影响。研究结果表明,随着温度升高,地质聚合物凝结时间显著降低; 在10 ℃条件下,地质聚合物凝结时间随着水玻璃掺量增加而增加,随水玻璃模数增加先增加后减小,水胶比对地质聚合物凝结时间影响较小,掺入Ca(OH)₂会促进地质聚合物的凝结。在粉煤灰掺量100%、水玻璃模数1.2、水玻璃掺量8%、水胶比0.35、养护温度10 ℃条件下,地质聚合物的初凝及终凝时间分别为65 min和114 min,在养护3 d和28 d后,地质聚合物的强度分别为23 MPa和51.7 MPa。