一种放射CT重建的鲁棒估计算法

放射CT的重建问题可以归结为一种基于泊松分布的最大似然估计（MuxnimumLikelihood,ML），其中最著名的如EM算法[1]，这种算法存在的问题是鲁棒性不强，当观测数据中存在一些出格点（outlier）（如2％）时，EM算法的性能就变得很差。本文分析了算法性能变差的原因，将泊松分布近似为高斯分布后，仿照鲁律估计中的M-估计，构造了一种鲁棒性很强的EM改进算法。实验结果表明，即使在投影数据中混有10％的出格点，仍能重建出满意的结果来。     

平面式电容传感器阵列测量复合材料技术研究

基于复合材料及其内部不同损伤具有不同介电特性,采用平面式电容传感器阵列实现可视化无损检测。论述了系统的构成和测量原理,分析了影响测量效果的因素,并设计了信号转换和采集处理电路。基于简单的激励测量模式和共轭梯度算法,对比分析了仿真与实验结果。实验结果验证了基于电容敏感机理的平面式电容传感器阵列对复合材料内部缺陷检测的可行性和有效性。     

Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography to Investigate Gas Solid Contacting

An ECT system has been shown to be useful in observing differences in particle behaviour in a bubbling fluidised bed. An image analysis technique is further described that utilises the construction of solids concentration profiles at three key values, x = 0.2, x = 0.5 and x = 0.8, which have been identified as important solids concentrations in a new Bubble Structure Model. Significant differences in the bubble structure are shown to result when the concentration of fine particles is slightly increased in a bubbling fluidised bed. Changes of this type would seriously alter the gas solid contact efficiency in the fluidised bed, which would significantly influence selectivity of in‐bed catalytic reactions and gas residence time.     

新型促染剂在涤纶常压分散黑ECT染色中的应用

将自制促染剂应用于涤纶分散黑ECT染料常压染色中,优化出涤纶常压沸染染色工艺,并评价该促染剂的效果。结果表明,加促染剂常压沸染染色织物的上染百分率、表观深度、耐摩擦色牢度及耐皂洗牢度与传统高温高压染色工艺效果相近,且明显比常压无促染剂染色工艺效果好,该促染剂的促染效果优良。     

基于Kalman滤波的ECT图像重建算法

由于测量环境等因素的影响,实测数据往往带有噪声。为此,应用Kalman滤波算法进行电容层析成像（ ECT）系统图像重建,在归一化电容值中加入不同程度的噪声信号,利用噪声的统计特性进行测量值滤波,最终得到图像灰度值。在三种流型下与Landweber迭代算法进行了仿真比较,并在ECT实验装置上进行了静态实验。仿真与实验结果表明：Kalman滤波去噪效果优于Landweber迭代算法。     

气/液两相流相关法测速系统的仿真研究

气/液两相流是自然界和工业过程中广泛存在的一种非常典型、复杂的两相流形态。本文以气液两相凝固流为模型将电容层析成象(ECT)技术和相关流速测量技术相结合,针对采样运算所得的电容信号分别采用象素相关、归一化互相关、差动自相关和极性互相关四种相关算法进行了相关测速系统的Matlab仿真。结果表明采用相关测量技术可较好的实现两相流离散相速度的测量。     

基于神经网络和D-S证据理论辨识两相流流型

提出一种基于电容层析成像(ECT)系统、神经网络和证据理论辨识两相流流型的方法。这种方法采用神经网络与D-S证据理论相结合的方法来辨识两相流流型,并对两相流的几种常见流型进行了辨识。仿真实验结果表明:此种方法在两相流流型辨识中具有较高的判别精度,为两相流流型辨识提供了一种有效的手段。     

基于高密度子网格光线追迹的三维发射层析重建算法

三维(three- dimensional,3D) 发射层析技术(emission computerized tomography,ECT) 是一种简单、高效且准确的燃 烧场3D成像与检测技术,其中权重矩阵的计算 精度决定了层析重建的精度和质量。本文研究了一种基于高密度子网格光线追迹的权重矩阵 计算方法, 将被测区域划分为密度更高的子网格,并根据相机成像模型实现光线追迹,以确定离散网格 对投影像素 的权重因子。数值模拟和燃烧火焰重建实验表明该算法具有较高的精度和计算效率。该研究 对于3D发射层析技术的实用化具有重要的理论意义。     

Investigation of gas-solid flow characteristics in a novel internal fluidized bed combustor by experiment and CPFD simulation

Based on the coal self-preheating combustion technology, this research proposed a novel internal fluidized bed combustor (IFBC) with an internal separator for stable preheating of fuel. In order to verify feasibility and operation stability of IFBC, cold experiment, electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) and computational particle fluid dynamic (CPFD) simulation were performed in a laboratory-scale IFBC. The effects of superficial air velocity (U_g) and return valve structure on the operation and gas-solid flow characteristics were investigated. The results revealed that the CPFD prediction agreed well with the experiment values. The pressure balance curve presented an “8″ shape distribution, and the particle volume fraction (PVF) showed ‘core-annular’ distribution features. With the increase of U_g, the PVF in the standpipe increased, and the discharge pattern of the return valve changed from continuous discharge to intermittent discharge, and the solid circulation flux showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. With the decrease of the outlet opening of return valve (Φ), the gas–solid flow behavior in standpipe experienced a transition from gas leakage, stabilizing material seal, and blocking state. For U_g = 2 m/s, Φ = 50 %, an effective solid seal in the return valve was established and IFBC has a stable circulation and operation.     

An SVM approach with electromagnetic methods to assess metal plate thickness

Eddy current testing (ECT) is a non-destructive technique that can be used in the measurement of conductive material thickness. In this work ECT and a machine learning algorithm (support vector machine – SVM) are used to determine accurately the thickness of metallic plates. The study has been made with ECT measurements on real specimens. At a first stage, a few number of plates is considered and SVM is used for a multi-class classification of the conductive plate thicknesses within a finite number of categories. Several figures of merit were tested to investigate the features that lead to “good” separating hyperplanes. Then, based on a SVM regressor, a reliable estimation of the thickness of a large quantity of plates is tested.Eddy currents are induced by imposing a voltage step in an excitation coil (transient eddy currents – TEC), while a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is the magnetic sensor that measures the transient magnetic field intensity in the sample vicinity. An experimental validation procedure, including machine training with linear and exponential kernels and classification errors, is presented with sets of samples with thicknesses up to 7.5 mm.