基于EM算法的联合数据关联与空间配准

针对雷达量测存在漏探测情况下的数据关联与空间配准问题,提出了一种基于期望最大化（EM）算法的联合数据关联与空间配准算法。该算法使用EM算法对空间配准问题中的系统偏差进行估计,采用多维分配算法进行数据关联,通过迭代进行数据关联和空间配准,最终得到收敛的系统偏差估计和关联正确率。仿真实验结果表明：在雷达探测为非全探测时,文中提出的联合数据关联与空间配准算法能够有效地估计系统偏差,有较强的抗噪性和鲁棒性。     

利用期望最大化算法的EMCCD噪声分布模型的参数估计

讨论了电子倍增CCD（EMCCD）图像的噪声来源及其统计特性,建立了混合泊松-高斯噪声分布模型。针对混合泊松-高斯噪声分布模型的极大似然函数难以求解的问题,对噪声模型进行了适当的初始化设置,利用期望最大化算法对噪声模型进行参数估计,有效实现了噪声参数的极大似然估计。Monte Carlo仿真结果及实验结果表明,期望最大化算法估计性能较好,对混合泊松-高斯分布有较好的拟合效果,能得到较高精度的参数估计值。     

复杂场景下单光子激光雷达深度估计方法

单光子激光雷达广泛应用于三维场景的深度和强度信息获取。在复杂场景中存在多个具有不同深度不同反射率的目标，在少返回光子和高背景噪声的情况下，传统方法对这些目标无法做出针对性处理。因此，提出一种复杂场景下单光子激光雷达深度估计方法。该方法充分利用回波信号的时域相关性，对激光雷达三维点云数据进行时域上的全局多深度开窗，并利用空间相关性进行空像素的加权填补。在优化框架下，基于预处理后的激光雷达三维点云数据建立泊松分布模型。最终采用交替方向乘子法求解成本函数的最小值，以得到准确的深度估计。实验结果表明，相较于常规方法，在远距离复杂场景下，所提方法估计深度图像的重建信噪比提高了至少15%，有效改善了深度图像的质量，提升了对低光子水平的鲁棒性。     

测试用泊松分布数据流的设计及实现

在许多数据通信系统中，如IP交换、ATMSAR、高密度HDLC等系统中，数据吞吐率是一项非常重要的指标，这些指标的测试需要建立业务数据模型。均匀分布、泊松分布和马尔科夫调制泊松分布模型是常用的几种模型。本文介绍一种泊松分布数据流包的产生方法。     

基于谱方法和松弛标记的非刚性点匹配算法

谱方法是点模式匹配中一种重要的方法,但该方法对于点模式中噪声与出格点较为敏感,为克服了传统谱匹配方法存在问题,提出了一种运用谱方法和松弛标记的非刚性点模式匹配算法。该方法首先提取点模式中点的KL特征获取点与点的匹配概率,然后运用松弛标记法得到点集间明确的匹配关系;同时,为保证算法的鲁棒性,给松弛标记法定义一个匹配的目标函数,在函数的优化框架下迭代的计算匹配的最优解。本文主要从三方面对传统谱方法进行了改进:首先运用基于KL的匹配概率计算方法提高了原谱图方法抗噪方面的性能,进而在松弛标记方法框架中运用谱方法进行匹配,使算法对出格点具有更好的鲁棒性,最后融合的运用了点的谱图特征和空间分布特征,使算法在较大形变情况下仍能实现有效匹配。文章实验验证了算法的有效性。      

一种三维刚体行动参数鲁棒估计的神经算法

该文提出一种在于特征点匹配的刚体运动参数估计方法,在运动估计线性算法的基础上,文中利用全最小二乘（ＴＬＳ）方法来进行求解,并建立次分量提取神经元来获得该全最小二乘解,基于测量数据中出格点（Ｏｕｔｌｉｅｒ）的存在,我们在神经元的权值学习规划中引入鲁棒估计思想。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地克服同格点产生的误差,准确在估计出刚体的三维运动参数,比较令人满意。     

一种随机相位估计简化EM算法

期望最大化（EM）算法在处理随机相位估计时是一个NP-完全问题,目前主要采用梯度算法来对其求解。但该方法存在计算量大、不易稳定且对相邻时刻估计结果依赖严重等问题。基于随机相位模型EM算法的因子图表示,提出了一种简化EM算法,其思想是只针对当前时刻进行独立的EM迭代计算,然后通过相邻相位偏转之间的关系对结果进行修正。仿真实验说明,该方法在减小计算量的同时,提高了算法性能。     

改进高斯混合粒子滤波被动目标跟踪算法

针对被动传感器跟踪系统非线性较强问题,提出了一种基于改进高斯混合粒子滤波的被动传感器目标跟踪算法。该算法基于Sigma点卡曼滤波和粒子滤波的特点,用有限的高斯混合模型来近似后验状态密度、系统噪声和观测噪声的分布。然后结合遗传算法和EM算法来实现模型的降阶,克服了EM算法假定混合成分数为已知、迭代的结果需要依赖初始值、可能收敛到局部最大点或可能收敛到参数空间的边界的缺点,从而改善粒子枯竭的问题。仿真实验结果表明在被动传感器跟踪领域,与传统粒子滤波、基于EM的高斯混合粒子滤波和基于贪心EM的高斯混合粒子滤波相比,该算法在保持高精度估计能力的同时,具有较强的鲁棒性,是解决非线性系统状态估计问题的一种有效方法。     

一种三维刚体运动参数鲁棒估计的神经算法

该文提出一种基于特征点匹配的刚体运动参数估计方法。在运动估计线性算法的基础上,文中利用全最小二乘(TLS)方法来进行求解,并建立次分量提取神经元来获得该全最小二乘解。基于测量数据中出格点(Outlier)的存在,我们在神经元的权值学习规则中引入鲁棒估计思想。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地克服出格点产生的误差,准确地估计出刚体的三维运动参数,比较令人满意。     

基于修正最小平方中值定理的鲁棒运动估计

基于修正的最小平方中值定理（ＬＭｅｄＳ），本文提出一种由３Ｄ特征点空间位置估计运动参数的鲁棒方法，首先由ＬＭｅｄＳ给出初始的运动参数估计，然后采用迭代加权估计方法重新计算运动参数，其中一种Ｔｕｋｅｙ权和Ｈｕｂｅｒ权的混合权函数代替原ＬＭｅｄＳ的二分权函数，该算法减轻了当信噪比较低的情况下删除一些出格点的困难，故可得到更好的估计精度，计算机模拟表明其性能令人满意。     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and subpixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

A Versatile Mixed-Signal Pin Approach for Cost-Effective Test of Automotive ICs

Integrated circuits (ICs) intended for increasingly sophisticated automotive applications bring unique test demands. Advanced ICs for applications such as highly integrated automatic braking system (ABS) and airbag controllers combine high voltage digital channels, significant VI demands and precise timing capability. Along with continued missioncritical reliability concerns, the trend toward higher voltage operation and increased device integration requires specialized test capabilities able to extend across the wide operating ranges found in automotive applications. Among these capabilities, automotive test requirements increasingly dictate a need for a cost-effective versatile mixed-signal pin electronics with very high data rates reaching up to 50MHz with a voltage swing of-2 V to +28 V.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

Optical vibration and deviation measurement of rotating machine parts

It is of interest to get appropriate information about the dynamic behaviour of rotating machinery parts in service. This paper presents an approach of optical vibration and deviation measurement of such parts. Essential of this method is an image derotator combined with a high speed camera or a laser doppler vibrometer （LDV）.