Surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) films via environmental crazing

This work addresses the phenomenon of the development of a patterned surface relief on polymer films via different modes of environmental crazing. Commercial films of semicrystalline poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and amorphous glassy poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were subjected to tensile drawing in the presence of physically active liquid environments (carbon tetrachloride or aliphatic alcohols). The structure parameters and wettability of the modified films were studied by AFM, SEM, profilometer measurements and contact angle measurements. Environmental intercrystallite crazing of PTFE is accompanied by the development of an unstable structure with a high free surface, which experiences marked strain recovery upon unloading. As a result of the relief formation, PTFE hydrophobicity is enhanced (the water contact angle increases by 25°). Classical environmental crazing of PET films is accompanied by the formation of an anisotropic surface relief which is an assembly of crazes oriented perpendicular to the direction of tensile drawing, thus leading to the phenomenon of anisotropic wetting. The proposed approach for structural surface modification makes it possible to use the advantages of surface instability and spontaneous self‐organization of the polymer towards the development of a unique surface microrelief. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

GK1C型内燃机车频繁停车现象探讨与解决方案

运用过程中各类相关因子的变化,会使得机车柴油机配气相位出现一定程度变化,采取某种措施调整或是处理可以解决动力不足的问题。     

前和煤业东胶带运输大巷钻孔卸压围岩控制技术

为有效解决前和煤业3#煤层东胶带大巷在原有锚网索支护下围岩变形量大的问题,结合巷道变形特征,确定采用钻孔卸压技术,采用理论分析和数值模拟的方式确定卸压钻孔在修巷作业前,垂直于巷帮打设,钻孔深度为8 m,结合巷道的具体条件确定巷道采用卸压钻孔+让压支护的围岩控制方案,并采用矿压监测验证支护效果。结果表明:支护方案实施后,顶底板和两帮的最大移近量分别为141 mm和132 mm,有效解决了巷道两帮及底板鼓起量大的问题,保证了巷道围岩的稳定性。     

采油树平板闸阀柔性密封圈结构优化设计

为了提高采油树平板闸阀密封圈的密封性能,在泛塞封的基础上,设计一种密封圈本体唇边开有锯齿状凸起的新型柔性密封结构;运用有限元分析方法模拟密封圈的工作状况,分析柔性密封结构特性参数对密封圈密封性能的影响,获得不同柔性密封圈结构参数下密封面间接触应力分布规律,并对新型密封结构进行优化。结果表明:密封面间最大接触应力随唇边锯齿数量、唇边夹角度数的增大而增大,随唇谷夹角度数的增大而减小;新型密封结构选择锯齿数量为3、唇边夹角为20°、唇谷夹角为30°的特性参数时,其最大接触应力比常规Y形密封圈提高了15倍;新型柔性密封结构的密封圈与阀杆、阀盖壁面间接触应力比常规Y形密封圈有显著提高,提高了密封圈的密封性能。     

抽油井不压井作业装置及抽油泵底阀设计

江苏油田的部分油井存在油管短路、地层高压低渗、漏失严重等问题,这些问题造成压井作业困难,并且压井作业过程中的井控与环境污染风险较大。为了进行不压井检泵作业,同时缩短检泵之后的产量恢复周期,进行了不压井作业技术研究,并研制了不压井作业装置。为解决起下抽油杆过程中的防喷问题,改进了抽油泵底阀结构,该结构可实现起下抽油杆过程中油管不带压、无溢流,并保障起下油管过程中的井控安全。该技术在江苏油田现场应用9井次,效果良好。     

光照水电站装设筒形阀分析

筒形阀是一种新型的水轮机进水阀,它与球阀或蝴蝶阀相比较有防止机组飞逸事故扩大效果明显、减轻导叶全关时导水机构的快速破坏并减少漏水量,以及动水开启方便、所需时间短等优点,但对运行条件也有一定的要求。光照水电站是贵州省第1个拟采用筒形阀的电站,为此对装设筒形阀的可行性和必要性进行了认真的分析。     

鄱阳湖区干旱与变化

以有效干旱天数的出现时间为依据,分析鄱阳湖区干旱的季节性特征.根据重旱与特旱年份7～10月降水空间分布,分析翻阳湖区干旱的空间变化特点.     

Effect of Strain Rate on Discontinuous Flow and Mechanical Characteristics of High-Nitrogenous Steel

Experimental study on the effect of strain rate on discontinuous flow and mechanical characteristics of the high-nitrogenous steel Kh23AG19F has been performed. Within the range of strain rates from 4.62 · 10^-5 to 1.85 · 10 ^-4 s^-1, discontinuous flow, reflected by serration on the tensile diagram, is chiefly determined by intergranular deformation mechanisms. Under strain rates over 1.85 · 10^-2 s^-1, combined deformation modes prevail, which cause a change in the character of discontinuous flow and transform a serrated tensile diagram into a wavy graph, with the yield stress of steel increased significantly.     

试油井选层压裂新工艺及现场试验

设计新型可洗井封隔器，保障油井有反洗井通道，有效防止封隔器以上砂埋所引发的管柱砂卡事故，并对新型封隔器、控制开关、密封接头、同心大通径压力计托筒等井下工具组合优化。解决了多层油井任意选层压裂、求产、测井温一体化的难题。     

双缸式气动-手动楔式闸阀在柴油罐上的应用

文章简单介绍了气动阀的结构、工作原理及特点,并时堆修保养注意事项以及可能发生的故障和排除故障的方法做了详细讲解。最后,将气动阀在柴油罐上的应用情况与普通闸阀相比较,分析其使用性能和优点,进一步推广气动闽在锦西石化分公司的应用。