Suitability evaluation of urban construction land based on geo-environmental factors of Hangzhou, China

Suitability evaluation of urban construction land based on geo-environmental factors is the process of determining the fitness of a given tract of land for construction. This process involves a consideration of the geomorphology, geology, engineering geology, geological hazards, and other geological factors and is the basis of urban construction land planning and management. With the support of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), grid analysis, and geo-spatial analysis techniques, four factor groups comprising nine separate subfactors of geo-environmental attributes were selected to be used in the evaluation of the suitability level for construction land in Hangzhou. This was based on K-means clustering and back-propagation (BP) neural network methods due to their advantages in fast computing, unique adaptive capacity, and self-organization. Simultaneously, the evaluation results based on K-means clustering and BP neural network were compared and analyzed, and the accuracy evaluation was set. The results showed that the geo-environmental suitability evaluation results of construction land based on K-means clustering and BP neural network were similar in terms of the distribution and scale of construction land suitability level. At the same time, the results of the two evaluation methods were consistent with the variability in suitability level, engineering geology, and hydrogeology of Hangzhou. The results also showed that the real advantage of the methods proposed in this paper lies in their capacity to streamline the mapping process and to ensure that the results are consistent throughout. The suitability level of the urban construction land based on the geo-environment in Hangzhou was divided into four construction sites: land for building super high-rise and high-rise buildings, land for building multistorey buildings, land for low-rise buildings, and nonbuilding land. The results of the suitability evaluation for each category will provide a scientific basis for decision-making in urban development in Hangzhou.     

Modeling and implementation of classification rule discovery by ant colony optimisation for spatial land-use suitability assessment

This paper presents an integrated modeling method for multi-criteria land-use suitability assessment (LSA) using classification rule discovery (CRD) by ant colony optimisation (ACO) in ArcGIS. This new attempt applies artificial intelligent algorithms to intelligentise LSA by discovering suitability classification rules. The methodology is implemented as a tool called ACO-LSA. The tool can generate rules which are straightforward and comprehensible for users with high classification accuracy and simple rule list in solving CRD problems. A case study in the Macintyre Brook Catchment of southern Queensland in Australia is proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of this new modeling technique. The results have addressed the major advantages of this novel approach.     

西沙岛礁渔民屋应对环境的方式与启示——以永乐群岛为例

本文通过对西沙永乐群岛的调研,发现当地的渔民屋在选址上主要考虑基地的可建设性与运输条件;聚落形态上呈现集中式的聚落布局;建筑单体采用带有檐廊的单一空间;建筑围护结构主要用于防台风和暴雨;建筑材料主要使用回收利用的木料、竹子以及当地的珊瑚石。渔民屋虽然看似简陋,但是透过它可以看出西沙地区建设过程中所面临的问题及经验,能够为西沙地区未来新型适宜性民居的建设明确方向。     

Spatially-explicit integrated uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of criteria weights in multicriteria land suitability evaluation

We employ spatially-explicit uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to examine the robustness of land suitability evaluation. We use Monte Carlo simulation to sweep through criteria weight space, where weights are expressed using probability distributions. Multiple output suitability maps are generated and summarized using: an average suitability map, a standard deviation uncertainty map, and a number of sensitivity maps. We demonstrate how these surfaces help detect critical regions of suitability on the example of habitat suitability evaluation for a wetland plant. Areas of high average suitability and low uncertainty signify robust suitability sites, whereas high average suitability and high uncertainty characterize candidate areas. These candidate areas are potentially suitable but need further examination with variance-based sensitivity analysis, in which the variability of land suitability is decomposed and attributed to individual criteria weights. The resulting sensitivity maps delineate regions of weight dominance, where a particular weight greatly influences the uncertainty of suitability scores.     

规划转型背景下的国土空间开发适宜性评价研究

吴良镛先生的人居环境科学理论既 为我国空间规划体系构筑了框架,也提出要有 目的有重点地运用相关学科成果进行融贯的 综合研究。最近《中共中央国务院关于建立国 土空间规划体系并监督实施的若干意见》提出 “在资源环境承载能力和国土空间开发适宜 性评价的基础上,科学有序统筹布局生态、 农业、城镇等功能空间,划定生态保护红线、 永久基本农田、城镇开发边界等空间管控边 界”,对国土空间规划体系提出进行多学科交 融研究。因此,作为国土空间规划重要基础 的国土空间开发适宜性评价需要综合考虑资 源、环境、生态、灾害等要素和区位条件,确 定国土空间内进行农业生产和城镇建设等的 适宜程度。本文主要以青岛市国土空间开发 适宜性评价为实践案例,在客观真实公正地 摸清资源环境资源本底条件基础上,研判国 土空间开发利用问题和风险,明确农业生产、 城镇建设的最大合理规模和适宜空间,落实 不同主体功能区规划背景下的战略引领,以期 支撑青岛市国土空间规划编制工作。     

土地适宜性评价数据处理方法探讨

土地适宜性评价是规划前期的重要环节,规划行业已广泛采用地理信息系统(GIS)作为评价分析工具。GIS提高了分析精度与处理效率,分析成果便于可视化,鼓励了多方参与。随着规划行业实际应用的探索与进展,评价因素趋于多样化,数据趋于复杂化,这对空间数据的处理提出了挑战。本文结合案例针对传统的矢量与栅格数据的处理方法的局限性进行讨论,进而对研究工作中提出的"伪栅格"的阶段性改进方案进行了优劣势分析。为进一步发挥矢量、栅格模型各自的优势,本项研究又提出了矢量、栅格互为补充的处理方法。该方法可以减少误差,提高效率,使约束条件、评价权重的调整变得简单、灵活,也可增强专题地图的显示效率。     

人居视角地貌基本形态分类与山地聚落建设生态适宜性评价 ——以四川省渠县为例

适宜地貌是山地城乡聚落生态建 设的首要条件,而当前地貌基本形态分类所 沿用的区域地貌学方法,其视角为“从空中俯 瞰大地”,其结果不仅与人的实际感受存在 较大差别,更缺乏与自然生态环境的相关性, 难以有效地指导山地聚落生态建设。针对该 问题,本研究基于地貌基本形态分类视角向 “站在山下观山势（更符合人的实际感受）” 的人居视角的转变,通过分析相对高度和坡 度两大地貌基本形态分类因子与生态环境及 城乡聚落建设条件的相关性,在寻找地貌基 本形态分类与山地聚落建设生态适宜性评价 的关系中,构建出：以相对高度为一级分类因 子,以坡度为二级分类因子的地貌基本形态 分类方法,有效地引导城乡聚落的选址和聚 落建设用地的选择具有更强的生态适宜性。     

城市公共设施布局的空间适宜性评价研究——南京滨江新城的探索

城市公共设施布局对城市社会的构建与运行有着重要影响,其空间布局也受到社会、生态、经济等影响因素的综合制约。基于空间功能分区方法,以南京浦口滨江新城为例,探讨多因子影响下的城市公共设施布局的途径,阐述评价单元的划分、评价指标的选择与处理等技术方法,提出根据综合生态重要性和经济重要性指数的分类,将地域划分为各类型区,并依据用地适宜性分区进行公共设施的布局和分区管制。在社会公平导向下,理性规划在中国城市公共设施建设中具有深远的意义。     

自然保护区的现实问题与分区模式创新研究

传统封闭式和孤岛式的分区模式使得自然保护区的发展遭遇瓶颈。保护与开发之间的〉中突是目前自然保护区可持续发展的最大障碍。分区是自然保护区管理和经营的有效工具,以生态系统稳定性的弹性机制为理论依据,从栖息地适宜性、生态系统稳定性和生态系统敏感性3个维度构建自然保护区的有机分区方法。基于GIS技术的多标准判断法和生态演替分析法对自然保护区内的土地单元进行生态价值评估和分区,提出“核心区,缓;中区”2大区、“自然环境区／游赏区／生产经营区／科学实验区／管理服务区”5小区的划分方式。旨在通过生态价值的差异性对保护区内土地单元进行划分,从而解决自然保护区内不同利益者之间的矛盾,并且以马头山自然保护区为例对有机分区体系进行实证研究。     

基于层次分析法的云门山地区生态适宜度评价

区别于传统的山地生态适应性评价,该文采用层次分析法确定以地形、景观、生态、政策四个方面作为影响因子的指标体系,应GIS技术建立评价模型,对云门山地区进行了生态适宜度评价.为了避免开发带来的山地生态环境退化,依据评价结果,提出了因地制宜、退耕还林、增加水体比重等生态开发措施.