喷淋液滴在空气环境下的运动特性

本文以喷淋液滴在空气环境下运动特性为工程背景，建立单个液滴在常温、常压空气环境中的动量方程，分析液滴沉降特性、追赶特性及运动轨迹行为。计算结果表明，不同喷淋液滴初始条件下，短时间内存在重力大于曳力和重力小于曳力两种情况，但最终减速液滴均会达到受力平衡状态；液滴离开喷淋头后，垂向位移均迅速增大，液滴粒径越大、初始速度越大，垂向位移增长的速率也越大，达到相同位移的用时越短；液滴尺寸、初始速度相差越大，液滴追赶所用的时间越短，追赶位移越小，液滴尺寸、初始速度越接近，液滴追赶所用的时间越长，追赶位移越大；液滴初始速度越大、初始直径越大、喷射角度越大，横向速度消失越慢，达到的横向位移越大，喷射液滴覆盖的面积也越大。计算结果有助于优化工程实际中喷淋系统的设计与布置。     

Quantifying and characterizing contemporary riparian sedimentation

Fluvial processes of erosion, sediment transport and deposition determine the changing form and sedimentary structure of naturally adjusting riparian zones. Riparian sediment storage has both scientific and management importance in relation to: (i) the quantities of sediment that are involved; (ii) the quality of the sediment; and (iii) the dispersal of biological materials, notably the vegetation propagules that are transported and deposited in association with the sediment. After discussing the significance of riparian sedimentation processes, this paper reviews methods for quantifying contemporary sediment deposition within water bodies and their margins. Methods for investigating contemporary riparian sedimentation are given particular emphasis, and the extent to which different methods provide comparable estimates and have been used to support the analysis of different physical and chemical properties of the sediment are outlined. The importance of the following are stressed: (i) selecting a sampling method that is suited to the sedimentation environment; (ii) incorporating careful cross‐calibration if measurements from different methods are to be combined; and (iii) replicating measurements to give more robust estimates if small traps are employed. It is concluded that artificial turf mats provide a useful design of sediment trap across a range of environmental conditions because: (i) their surface roughness reduces problems of sediment removal by flood waters or rainfall; (ii) their pliability permits installation on irregular surfaces; (iii) they can be securely attached to the ground with metal pins to resist high shear stresses from river flows; (iv) they are robust and light and so easily manipulated in the field and laboratory; (v) it is possible to fully recover the deposited sediment to accurately determine the amount of sediment deposited and to support a range of other analyses. Results are presented to illustrate how artificial turf mats can be used to estimate the quantity and quality of deposited sediment and to explore the associated deposition of viable seeds. This provides one example of the important hydroecological role of riparian sedimentation processes and of the potential for the development of innovative, interdisciplinary research on riparian sediment dynamics. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用黄河泥沙加固下游大堤

黄河是一条举世闻名的多泥沙河流，善淤、善决、善徒给沿河人民带来对过深重灾难，防洪问题一直是国家的心腹之患。泥沙问题是黄河防洪问题的症结所在。在总结固大堤经验的基础，进行挖河疏浚，淤筑“相对地下河”，已作为黄河治理的一项重大决策付诸实施。     

黄河龙青段主要环境工程地质问题分析思路

介绍了黄河上游龙青段主要环境工程地质问题的分析思路，以达到抛砖引玉，交流和提高电工程地质勘测水平的目的。     

永定新河治理工程几个关键问题的研究

永定新河是天津市防洪的北部防线。由于受海相来沙淤积 ,河道行洪能力大幅度下降。针对永定新河治理工程设计中涉及到的河道淤积治理方案、闸位比选、防潮闸结构型式及施工方法、闸下减淤清淤措施等诸多问题进行了分析和研究 ,提出了相应的措施和建议     

水库淤积初步平衡问题

水库淤积平衡问题对于确定淤积危害程度、可持续利用标准等都非常重要。本文通过分析大量已建、在建和规划水库淤积情况,对水库淤积初步平衡后淤积变化趋势与设计淤积标准等问题进行了讨论和商榷。研究表明,水库淤积初步平衡后,兴利库容淤积发展仍然很快,库尾河床与水位抬升仍在继续,并未最终稳定。水库淤积平衡应该更加注重兴利库容淤积情况和库尾河床与水位抬升趋势,仅仅关注总淤积量变化情况是不够的。从区域长远利益考虑,大江大河上的水库设计淤积年限还应大大加长。     

悬沙中D〉0．06mm粗粒的粒析级配组成及其改正方法

本文首先简述Ｄ＞０．０６ｍｍ泥沙的粒析沉降特性及其粒径偏粗的原因。继之对悬沙中粒径大于０．０６ｍｍ的粒析级配组成机理，及级配组成不同对标准粒径Ｄｂ与粒析粒径ＤＬ关系的影响进行了详细研究。在以上研究工作的基础上，开展了Ｄｂ与ＤＬ的比较试验，得出了粗、中、细型悬沙的Ｄｂ～ＤＬ关系和对ＤＬ的改正方法。     

太平油田馆陶组下段辫状河储层地震反射假象分析

太平油田位于义和庄凸起北坡东部，主要含油层为馆陶组下段发育的辫状河储层。河流相频繁的决口、改道及辫状河流相砂体发育位置和砂体空间配置关系的特殊性，使得其在地震剖面上产生了反射假象，从而使对辫状河储层层位的追踪及砂体的描述变得异常困难。从馆陶组下段辫状河储层的发育特征及地震观测因素出发，阐述了馆陶组下段辫状河地震反射假象产生的原因。提出了利用地震资料分频解释技术和设计多井约束反演可较为准确地识别辫状河储层的反射假象。     

水动力作用下太湖底泥的再悬浮通量

对太湖梅梁湾水体开展了两次野外实验，利用沉积物捕获器收集沉积物，研究了太湖悬浮物的沉降特征，计算了悬浮物的沉降通量和再悬浮通量，并建立了其与风速的关系。结果表明：太湖无机颗粒沉降是悬浮物沉降的主要形式。太湖平均风速在8m/s以内时，总悬浮物、有机物颗粒和无机物颗粒的沉降通量和再悬浮通量均呈现随风速增大而增大的特性，风速大小直接影响悬浮物在垂向的分布及垂向的沉降通量分布，并且相关性较好。该结论说明Gansith公式法适合于计算太湖再悬浮通量。     

徐州市雁群卫生填埋场渗滤液治理工程设计

徐州市雁群卫生填埋场渗滤液治理工程针对城市生活垃圾场渗滤液可生化性差、氨氮含量高等特点,采用了吹脱-混凝沉淀-A2/O的处理工艺.介绍了工艺的设计参数、特点、运行情况和技术经济参数,结果表明,该工艺出水水质达到了<生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准>(GB 16889-1997)的二级标准.