基于区块链技术的公益时间银行系统

在现有的时间银行系统中，时间币的发行功能和结算功能完全集中到一个中心节点上。这种极度中心化的功能结构，不仅存在容易发生中心节点单点失效、数据容易被篡改等信息安全问题，还存在着时间币的发行和流通缺乏透明度以及时间币的结算依赖中心化的结算机构等问题。针对这些问题，提出了一种基于区块链技术的解决方法。首先，将时间币的发行功能和结算功能从中心节点上分离出来；然后，利用具有分布式去中心化、集体维护和不可篡改等特性的区块链技术，将分离出来的发行功能逐步去中心化，将分离出来的结算功能去中心化，形成公益时间链（PWTB）；最终，PWTB利用区块链技术以去中心化的方式将时间银行系统由单个节点维护账本变成由集体维护一个分布式的共享账本，使时间币的发行和流通公开透明，时间币的结算不依赖某个中心化的节点。安全分析表明所设计的PWTB能够实现安全的信息传输与存储，以及数据的共享。     

Distributed architecture for energy management D-structure

Electric power systems are expanding in size and complexity, and the requirement for the energy management system (EMS) is becoming more important. In this computer control system, a single control computer is used mainly as the primary computer and its software is very complicated because of its hugh number of small, quick tasks to obtain high response speed. Therefore, much effort is needed to develop and modify the programs, and the responsiveness of this centralized architecture varies greatly when many faults occur in the power system. This paper describes a new distributed architecture for the EMS. Distributed processors execute the functions cooperatively with periodic access to the common bulletin board database in which information about the power system exist. This architecture facilitates the software development and maintenance, and it also enhances the performance by the parallel processing of the distributed functions.     

超声波合成技术在纳米羟基磷灰石制备中的应用

采用超声波合成技术,以硝酸钙和磷酸氢二铵为原料,在恒温、常压下,通过控制合成过程中的超声时间、超声功率,成功合成了粒子尺寸为20nm×50nm、粒度分布窄、分散性好的针状晶体纳米羟基磷灰石．利用扫描电镜（SEM）和X衍射（XRO）来表征粒子的表面形貌和相组成,透射电镜来表征粒子尺寸．讨论了不同合成条件对纳米羟基磷灰石晶体的形态、尺寸及其分散性的影响．结果表明,最佳超声功率为80W、超声时间为1．5h合成出的纳米羟基磷灰石粉末的分散性最好．     

天然气发电项目分类与审批办法建议——兼论分布式供能系统与冷热电联供的关系

从世界能源转型的历史进程和视野论述了燃煤热电联产发展为天然气冷热电联供的必然性;剖析了能源生产和供应的集中与分散的关系.论述了相对于集中的千MW级煤、水、核电主力基荷机组,百MW级天然气发电属于分布式能源.中国"十二五"将建设的一大批支撑地方新区域经济发展的百MW级天然气冷热电联供分布式发电项目(DES/CCHP),绝大多数能够以16 h/d模式运行,肩负起提高能效、保障新区能源、开拓天然气下游市场、提高电力供应可靠性和调峰的四重使命;均可按"天然气冷热电联供调峰电站"审批,门槛是能效高于70%.10 MW及以下的小型DES/CCHP按自备电站审批.     

区块链在数据完整性保护领域的研究与应用进展

数据作为一种现代信息社会不可或缺的新兴资源,从产生伊始就面临着被各方篡改的风险。遭到篡改的数据在可用性与真实性方面都会大打折扣。而区块链因其不可篡改、去中心化、防止单点故障的特性天然契合数据完整性保护的要求。首先,简述了区块链技术背景与数据保护的核心要求;其次,按照区块链类型将现有区块链数据完整性保护成果进行分类和介绍,并对各成果的优势与不足结合数据完整性保护进行总结;然后,将现有数据完整性保护技术分类并与区块链数据完整性保护技术进行比较,分析传统数据完整性保护技术的不足与区块链数据完整性保护技术的优势;最后,总结区块链数据完整性保护技术的不足之处,并给出解决思路。     

非中心化的机构知识库系统构建

中心化的机构知识库构建策略难以满足用户多样化和个性化的知识应用需求.提出基于非中心化策略构建机构知识库.设计了其系统结构和工作过程,并对其关键技术问题作了概要阐述.重点围绕KM@web2.0系统介绍了解决这些关键问题的实现方案.     

游戏动画中256色图像调色板设计及其转换算法

设计了一种256色调色板,使游戏动画在窗口模式下运行时,其它应用程序能正常工作。同时提出了一种有效的反走样256色图像转换算法,并给出了算法的应用实例。     

微网孤岛运行的分散自趋优控制策略

提出了一种适用于微网孤岛运行的分散自趋优控制策略,该策略无需微网中央控制器和通信系统即可实现系统的三次分层控制,包括分散一次控制、分散二次控制和分散三次控制。其中,一次控制沿用传统的线性下垂控制策略,保持了微网良好的线性动态特性;二次控制仅借助各台分布式发电机的输出端频率信息即可直接参与系统调频,使微网的频率能够维持在允许的范围内;三次控制采用考虑发电机成本的非线性下垂控制策略,使各台分布式发电机遵循等微增率准则,实现微网的优化运行。此外,通过设计不同时间常数的低通滤波器,使三次分层控制实现了动态解耦,使控制策略既能满足微网静态特性的要求,又具有良好的动态特性。最后,由仿真算例验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

Collaborating to Compete—The Governance Implications of Stakeholder Agendas at Mount Pulag National Park,the Philippines

Regional planning has long sought to manage places that extend across political boundaries. The international trend to decentralize governance and promote co-management of protected areas is consistent with emerging collaborative spatial planning theory (Healey, 1997, 1999, 2006), which suggests that through dialogue, parties assert multiple cultural perspectives, share knowledge, and forge shared landscape values as the basis of decisions. As a form of collaborative spatial planning, co-management specifies shared resource management power between national government and one or more local or indigenous communities. Both approaches assume decentralized governance systems. Although critics fault collaborative planning for glossing over historical and cultural contexts, and for ignoring power in decision making, few case studies ask why partners participate or how specific decentralized governance institutions affect plan implementation. This paper draws from a study of co-management at Mount Pulag National Park, the Philippines—a shared indigenous cultural landscape that was to be managed by a board representing multiple local, indigenous, and national jurisdictions. Tracing road decisions by two municipal partners, the paper summarizes how and why major stakeholders adopted and then circumvented protective policies by building duplicative road projects across fragile forests. In this context of changing indigenous rights, the same decentralization laws that enabled co-management also rewarded competition and strategic behavior that weakened the collaborative and fragmented the shared landscape. The case demonstrates the need to interrogate, rather than assume the benefits of decentralized governance and to study why stakeholders participate before relying on voluntary collaboration to manage regional landscapes. The initial version of this paper was presented to the 2006 annual meetings of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning, Fort Worth, Texas.     

一种网格环境的服务查找算法

网格计算为大规模Internet应用提供了必要的基础架构,服务查找是网格计算的重要研究内容之一。但是目前常见的服务查找算法不太适应于网格环境的分散性和松耦合等特点。提出了一种分布式的、综合考虑网络延迟和节点负载情况及处理能力、适合于网格环境的服务查找算法DDCA。实验结果表明,DDCA算法能有效提高网格环境下应用的整体性能。