Frying quality and stability of low-and ultra-low-linolenic acid soybean oils

To determine effects of very low levels of linolenic acid on frying stabilities of soybean oils, tests were conducted with 2% (low) linolenic acid soybean oil (LLSBO) and 0.8% (ultra-low) linolenic acid soybean oil (ULLSBO) in comparison with cottonseed oil (CSO). Potato chips were fried in the oils for a total of 25 h of oil use. No significant differences were found for either total polar compounds or FFA between samples of LLSBO and ULLSBO; however, CSO had significantly higher percentage of polar compounds and FFA than the soybean oils at all sampling times. Flavor evaluations of fresh and aged (1, 3, 5, and 7 wk at 25°C) potato chips showed some differences between potato chips fried in different oil types. Sensory panel judges reported that potato chips fried in ULLSBO and aged for 3 or 7 wk at 25°C had significantly lower intensities of fishy flavor than did potato chips fried in LLSBO with the same conditions. Potato chips fried in ULLSBO that had been used for 5 h and then aged 7 wk at 25°C had significantly better quality than did potato chips fried 5 h in LLSBO and aged under the same conditions. Hexanal was significantly higher in the 5-h LLSBO sample than in potato chips fried 5 h in ULLSBO. The decrease in linolenic acid from 2 to 0.8% in the oils improved flavor quality and oxidative stability of some of the potato chip samples.     

Addition of ferulic acid,ethyl ferulate,and feruloylated monoacyl- and diacylglycerols to salad oils and frying oils

To determine antioxidative effects of ferulic acid and esterified ferulic acids, these compounds were added to soybean oils (SBO), which were evaluated for oxidative stability and frying stability. Additives included feruloylated MAG and DAG (FMG/FDG), ferulic acid, ethyl ferulate, and TBHQ. After frying tests with potato chips, oils were analyzed for retention of additives and polar compounds. Chips were evaluated for hexanal and rancid odor. After 15 h frying, 71% of FMG/FDG was retained, whereas 55% of ethyl ferulate was retained. TBHQ and ferulic acid levels were 6% and <1%, respectively. Frying oils with ethyl ferulate or TBHQ produced significantly less polar compounds than SBO with no additives. Chips fried in SBO with TBHQ or ferulic acid had significantly lower amounts of hexanal and significantly less rancid odor after 8 d at 60°C than other samples. Oils were also aged at 60°C, and stability was analyzed by PV, hexanal, and rancid odor. Oils with TBHQ or FMG/FDG had significantly less peroxides and hexanal, and a lower rancid odor intensity than the control. FMG/FDG inhibited deterioration at 60°C, whereas ethyl ferulate inhibited the formation of polar compounds in frying oil. Ferulic acid acted as an antioxidant in aged fried food. TBHQ inhibited oil degradation at both temperatures. Presented at the 94th AOCS Meeting & Expo, Kansas City, MO, May 4–7, 2003.     

超声波协同氯化钙对油炸猪肉片嫩度和感官品质的影响

探讨不同超声波强度协同不同浓度Ca Cl2溶液对油炸猪肉片的嫩度和感官品质的影响。以质构、剪切力、水分含量、感官评定为测定指标,肉片经预处理、挂糊、油炸、冷却、复炸后测定肉制品的各个指标。结果表明:单独使用超声波或氯化钙对肉片的嫩度、水分含量、感官影响都不明显,超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%对肉片质构影响最大,硬度下降了34%,粘度增加40%;超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%实验组的肉片剪切力比对照组下降了10.61N;超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%的肉片水分含量增加23.31%;超声强度200w/m2协同Ca Cl25%感官评定的总分最高为62分。     

Development of a long‐life vacuum‐packaged ready‐to‐eat meat product based on a traditional Portuguese seasoned meat

Carne do alguidar is a Portuguese traditional pork fried meat, usually manufactured for self‐consumption purposes. This study developed a ready‐to‐eat (RTE) meat product, to meet today's consumers’ convenience, manufactured at the industrial scale evaluating its quality and shelf life, assessing the effect of vacuum packaging and the use of an antioxidant (50 ppm BHT) to enhance oxidative stability. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were assessed, and a sensory analysis was performed. Interestingly, no significant differences were recorded between control (non‐BHT) and antioxidant (BHT) samples. Microbiological counts remained at low levels throughout the storage period, ensuring the product's required microbiological quality. At later storage stages, higher values of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances arose and off flavours and aromas were perceived. Still, overall appreciation was not affected until 12 months of storage and a significant depreciation was perceived only after 15 months. Fibrousness and rising of off flavours were negatively correlated with overall appreciation.     

方便面制作过程中麦谷蛋白提取率变化的研究

研究了方便面制作过程中 ,麦谷蛋白提取率在面粉、熟化后面团、湿面条、蒸制后面条及油炸后面条 5个状态点上的变化情况 .结果表明 ,在方便面制作的整个过程中 ,麦谷蛋白含量呈不断下降趋势 .小麦品种不同 ,麦谷蛋白在各阶段的下降程度也不相同 .总体来看 ,其衰减程度在由湿面条至蒸熟后面条的过程中最大 ,在由蒸制后面条到油炸后面条的过程中最小 .麦谷蛋白提取率的降低主要来源于 2个因素 ,一是其肽链上二硫键数目的增加 ,二是蛋白质的热变性作用     

盐酥花生生产技术研究

以花生仁为原料，经脱膜、油炸、调味等一系列工艺精制而成盐酥花生。结果表明：可采用干式多滚轮摩擦脱膜或湿法脱膜，最佳条件为油炸温度１５０～１５２℃，油炸时间５．５ｍｉｎ，香盐末添加量为１．４％、香甜油添加量为１．５％。     

Improving the quality of fried oils by using different filter aids

The present study aimed to improve the quality of fried soybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils. Synthetic (Magnesol XL) and natural (diatomaceous earth and kaolin) filter aids were used at various levels (1, 2 and 4%) to adsorb the secondary oxidation products of the oil. The metal patterns (the cations Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, Na, K, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn and the anions CO₃^2?, HCO₃^?, Cl^?, NO₃^?, NO₂^?, SO₄^2?) of Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin were determined. Some physical and chemical properties (refractive index, viscosity, colour, foam height, acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, iodine value, and conjugated diene and polymer contents) of non‐fried, fried and fried–treated soybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils were determined. The frying process was performed at 180 °C ± 5 °C for 12 h continuous heating. The fried oils were treated with the synthetic and natural filter aids at 105 °C for 15 min. The results indicate that Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin contained Si + Mg, Si + Ca and Si + Al, respectively, as the basic metals. Frying soybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils led to significant increases in refractive index, colour, foam height, viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, TBA value, conjugated diene and polymer contents and decrease in iodine value. Treatment of fried oils with Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin at the 1, 2 and 4% levels greatly improved the quality of fried oils. These findings indicate the high efficiency of the filter aids used in the present study in adsorbing the products of oil degradation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

高效液相色谱法测定油炸蚕豆中的多菌灵残留

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定油炸蚕豆中的多菌灵残留的方法。方法试样经1%乙酸-乙腈溶液提取,MCX固相萃取柱净化,甲醇溶解定容,经C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈-水为流动相,在波长274 nm处检测,外标法定量。结果在质量浓度为0.10~4.0 mg/L范围内,峰面积与其浓度的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9998,方法检出限为0.02 mg/kg,平均回收率为85.2%~95.9%。结论该方法简便、快速准确,适用于油炸蚕豆中多菌灵的测定。     

抑制鲜切油炸薯片中丙烯酰胺产生的在线控制研究

前期研究表明,半胱氨酸、CaCl2等离子型物质能有效抑制油炸薯片中丙烯酰胺的产生。但在浸泡过程中其浓度会不断降低,因此如何在线监控抑制剂浓度并及时补充成为抑制剂能否成功用于工业化生产的关键。根据抑制剂浓度与电导率之间的线性关系,采用电导率仪监控浸泡液中抑制剂浓度,通过电导率仪获得的数据实时补充抑制剂。