Potential use of phenolic antioxidants on peanut to control growth and aflatoxin B1 accumulation by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

Food‐grade antioxidants: butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl paraben (PP) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (10 and 20 mmol g^?1) and all the mixtures of these chemicals were tested for inhibitory activity on the growth of and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) accumulation by Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus on irradiated (7 kGy) peanut grains. Also, the influence of these treatments was evaluated in different water conditions (0.982, 0.955, 0.937a_w) at 11 and 35 days of incubation at 28 °C. Water activity (a_w) affected the fungal growth, no fungal development was observed at the highest stress water condition (0.937a_w). Butylated hydroxyanisole at 10 mmol g^?1 level and all the mixtures with PP and/or BHT were significantly effective (P = 0.05) in increasing lag phase and reducing growth rate and colony forming units per gram of peanut of both Aspergillus section Flavi strains and AFB₁ accumulation. The application of BHA at concentrations of 20 mmol g^?1 alone or with PP and/or BHT totally inhibited fungal growth at 11 and 35 days of incubation. The results suggest that the addition of these chemical mixtures on peanut grains at low levels has potential to impact synergically on the control of Aspergillus section Flavi. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

从花生壳中提取天然抗氧化成分的研究

介绍了从花生壳中提取天然抗氧化成分的方法，讨论了溶剂、时间、温度、酸度、固液比等因素对提取效果的影响。结果表明，花生壳的乙醇提取物具有较强的抗氧化性。     

超声波协助提取花生壳中黄色素的实验研究

通过单因素实验,将用紫外分光光度计在355 nm处测定的提取液吸光度作为实验指标,确定超声波提取花生壳中黄色素的最佳条件为:以70%乙醇作提取溶剂、料液比为1 g∶9 mL、超声波频率为20 kHz、每次提取8 min、提取2次,色素粗品收率为4.3%.与加热回流法、浸泡法比较,超声波提取方法具有效率高、时间短、节省能源等优点.     

Characterization of the TAG of peanut oil by electrospray LC-MS-MS

A study of processed peanut oil was undertaken to assess the utility of HPLC combined with tandem MS to obtain data easily regarding the number of TAG of fats and oils and their FA composition. Mass chromatograms and spectra corresponding to only TAG of a single M.W. were obtained for the full range of TAG in the sample. Analysis of the mass spectra allowed the identification of more than 160 TAG in the sample by their FA composition. In addition, it was possible to estimate relative abundances of the TAG and suggest the position of the FA on glycerol for a limited number of cases. This technique greatly simplifies the task of assigning FA to coeluting TAG and facilitates identification of TAG present in trace quantities in mixtures, with possible application in circumstances where such trace TAG could be significant markers. Results are quickly obtained without extensive sample preparation or prefractionation of the sample.     

面向颗粒状农产品的分选方法

为提高颗粒状农产品分选精度,提出了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的k最近邻(k-NN)方法.该方法分两步:第一步对基于FPGA的彩色线阵CCD成像系统得到的图像在PC上进行保存,并对得到的图像进行特征提取,然后用k-NN方法对提取的特征进行特征筛选得到最优特征集.第二步将训练好的最优特征集放在FPGA的ROM上,FPGA对线阵CCD得到的图像数据实时提取特征与ROM上最优特征集做距离计算实现k-NN分选算法.对花生和开心果两种颗粒状农产品用该方法进行实验,以RGB颜色空间为主要特征,结果表明:在选择合理特征个数和k值情况下对花生和开心果的分选正确率都达到了95％以上.     

改性废弃生物质对直接染料的吸附研究

选取花生壳、甘蔗渣和蛋壳膜等废弃物为原料,改性后制得生物质吸附剂,以直接蓝染料废水为处理对象,考察改性前后的吸附效果以及pH、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附效果的影响,探讨了3种吸附剂的等温吸附和吸附动力学过程.研究表明,改性能够不同程度地提高3种吸附剂的吸附效果,pH和温度对吸附的影响较大,改性花生壳、甘蔗渣以及蛋壳膜在各自投加量条件下对染料废水的脱色率分别达到93.6％、97.4％和99.2％,平衡吸附量可达39,4mg/g、45.5mg/g及113mg/g,等温吸附过程遵从Langmuir方程,吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型.     

微碳化花生壳填充流化床处理含氰废水

使用花生壳作为原材料,利用微波微碳化的方式将花生壳制备成活化剂载体,进而将活化剂吸附在微碳化的花生壳上面。利用流化床处理含氰废水,研究了流化床中废液的体积流量、微碳化花生壳的温度、流化床循环时间、活化剂等条件对水中氰化物去除率的影响。研究结果表明,体积流量在150mL/min时对氰化物处理效果最好,当流化床循环时间大于2.5h时,微碳化温度为250℃的花生壳去除率最高;使用10%磷酸活化后的花生壳处理氰化物废水,去除率最高。     

UV-B辐射增强对河南省夏直播花生产量及品质的影响

在大田条件下,研究了模拟地表UV-B辐射增强对花生(开农49号)的产量及品质的影响.UV-B辐射设3个水平,即对照、增强20%和增强40%.结果表明:UV-B辐射增强能显著降低花生产量,产量下降的原因主要是由单位面积产量、株荚果数、百仁重减少造成的;花生品质受UV-B影响较为复杂,UV-B增强20%时,花生脂肪质量分数为51.02%,蛋白质质量分数为22.34%,油酸/亚油酸质量比为1.19,较对照组提高了0.02;UV-B增强40%时,花生脂肪质量分数为51.82%,蛋白质质量分数为22.56%,油酸/亚油酸质量比为1.28,较对照组提高了0.11.研究认为,UV-B辐射增强,不足以对花生的品质产生显著影响,这可能与设定的UV-B辐射强度、试验设计方案及花生的品种有关.