Scalable framework for blockchain-based shared manufacturing

Shared Manufacturing is a new mode of social manufacturing based on the principles of a sharing economy. This paper presents a scalable framework for blockchain-based Shared Manufacturing that preserves the transparency and immutability characteristics of transaction records, which is critical to building trust between entities in blockchain-based systems. We define a blockchain-based protocol for the service execution according to the design principles of the sharing economy. We present a scalable integration of blockchain technology into the concept of Shared Manufacturing by employing cross-chain solutions. We discuss existing cross chain technologies regarding the requirements of Shared Manufacturing and propose hybrid approach. We compare implementations of the proposed framework on two different blockchain networks: Ethereum public network and Xdai sidechain network. We conduct user-oriented test to explore the performance (cost and time) of the implementations in realistic situations in order to justify the use of the sidechain technology. Results indicate that the implementation on the sidechains provides greater scalability than the implementation on the public blockchain network.     

基于区块链的分布式光伏就地消纳交易模式研究

目前配电网中分布式光伏发电渗透率越来越高,利用区块链技术的去中心化、难篡改等特点,有助于分布式发电就地或就近消纳,提高配电网运行的经济性。提出了一种基于区块链的光伏就地消纳交易模式,建立了光伏发电用户和分布式光伏聚合商的效益函数,运用Stackelberg博弈模型确定内部电价,通过边缘计算制定最优用电计划,设计了基于信誉值的就地消纳交易机制,对就地消纳程度低的用户进行惩罚,鼓励用户通过可时移负荷消纳光伏出力。配电网仿真结果表明,在采用区块链的交易模式下,配电网的就地消纳情况得到改善,用户的综合效益得到提升。     

基于区块链的新型存储模型慈善系统

现如今的慈善领域总会面临着数据无法公开透明的问题,人们无法对不公开数据的慈善组织报以信任,即使公开了数据,也要面临着数据造假的质疑.针对现有慈善组织存在的公信力不足、便捷性低,以及善款流向不透明等问题,本系统采用区块链技术,通过设计新型数据存储模型,将上传的项目数据按照所需的要求进行加解密等操作,使得数据具有保密性;同时将交易数据进行链上存储,利用区块链不可篡改可追溯等特性,将所有经过本系统的交易数据进行上链操作,使得交易数据变得公开透明,同时无法对已经完成的交易的数据进行修改,从而使整个系统具有足够的公信力,有效地弥补了传统慈善系统的数据不公开,同时可能存在数据造假的不足.     

基于区块链技术的P2P电能交易平台与配电网协同仿真

为了推动能源交易公平以及区块链技术在电力交易领域的应用,实现P2P电能交易平台与配电网高效配合,提出一种基于区块链技术的P2P电能交易平台与配电网的协同仿真框架.根据区块链去中心化、安全性强、可追溯的特点,提出分布式双边拍卖机制,结合智能合约,建立了能源交易模型并进行了仿真分析.最后,根据建立的协同仿真模型,通过两个场景下配电网参数的比较分析,得出了P2P电能交易机制对配电网影响的相关结论,为实现能源高效利用,电能交易安全稳定以及区块链技术在电能交易领域的落地推广提供了理论基础和技术支撑.     

基于比特币系统的隐蔽通信技术

为了满足日益增多且机密性要求很高的情报传输需求,急需提出新的隐蔽通信方式。隐蔽通信技术需要满足的性能包括安全性和隐藏率。与此同时,区块链技术具有去中心化、匿名性、可追溯且分布式记账等特点,比特币是最为经典且普及的区块链货币应用。因此,本文提出了利用比特币的P2P网络广播机制和交易机制构造了BDTX(Broadcast-Transaction,广播-交易)隐蔽信道;利用比特币的节点连接机制构造ADDR(ADDR,地址广播)隐蔽信道。对两种隐蔽信道分别进行了详细介绍,分析了两种隐蔽信道的安全性和隐藏率,并将其与传统IP隐蔽信道进行对比。两种隐蔽信道的安全性相比传统IP网络隐蔽信道都有提高。     

EDALoCo: Enhancing the accessibility of blockchains through a low-code approach to the development of event-driven applications for smart contract management

Blockchain is a cutting-edge technology based on a distributed, secure and immutable ledger that facilitates the registration of transactions and the traceability of tangible and intangible assets without requiring central governance. The agreements between the nodes participating in a blockchain network are defined through smart contracts. However, the compilation, deployment, interaction and monitoring of these smart contracts is a barrier compromising the accessibility of blockchains by non-expert developers. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose a low-code approach, called EDALoCo, that facilitates the development of event-driven applications for smart contract management. These applications make blockchain more accessible for software developers who are non-experts in this technology as these can be modeled through graphical flows, which specify the communications between data producers, data processors and data consumers. Specifically, we have enhanced the open-source Node-RED low-code platform with blockchain technology, giving support for the creation of user-friendly and lightweight event-driven applications that can compile and deploy smart contracts in a particular blockchain. Additionally, this platform extension allows users to interact with and monitor the smart contracts already deployed in a blockchain network, hiding the implementation details from non-experts in blockchain. This approach was successfully applied to a case study of COVID-19 vaccines to monitor and obtain the temperatures to which these vaccines are continuously exposed, to process them and then to store them in a blockchain network with the aim of making them immutable and traceable to any user. As a conclusion, our approach enables the integration of blockchain with the low-code paradigm, simplifying the development of lightweight event-driven applications for smart contract management. The approach comprises a novel open-source solution that makes data security, immutability and traceability more accessible to software developers who are non-blockchain experts.     

Proof-of-Improved-Participation: A New Consensus Protocol for Blockchain Technology

The Internet of Things (IoT) is converting today’s physical world into a complex and sophisticated network of connected devices on an enormous scale. The existing malicious node detection mechanism in traditional approaches lacks in transparency, availability, or traceability of the detection phase. To overcome these concerns, we provide a decentralized technique using blockchain technology. Despite the fact that blockchain technology is applicable to create that type of models, existing harmony set of instructions are susceptible to do violence to such as DoS and Sybil, making blockchain systems unfeasible. Here, a new Proof-of-Improved-Participation (PoIP) harmony instruction was suggested that benefits the participation rules to select honest peers for mining while limiting malicious peers. Under an evaluation the PoIP outperforms the Proof-of-Work (PoW) instructions are demonstrated, Proof of Stake (PoS) instructions in terms of energy consumption, accuracy, and bandwidth. To compare the three consensus protocols with respect to efficiency, we build a lightweight mining model and find that PoIP consensus has greater efficiency than PoW and PoS. PoIP has 25% lower attack risk than existing consensus. As a consequence, our suggested methodology can provide the needed security with minimal attack risk and high accuracy, according to the analysis results. As a result, suggested consensus is more efficient than existing methods in terms of block generation time. Hence we suggest that suggested consensus is very suitable for IoT-based applications especially in healthcare.     

Energy innovations through blockchain: Challenges,opportunities, and the road ahead

As a secure distributed ledger, blockchain has attracted a great deal of attention over the past decade. The power sector is not an exception to this phenomenon and industry leaders are looking into different ways to create value through this technology. Blockchain is a powerful enabling technology for decentralization of the energy systems of the future. Although this technology can be applied to a wide spectrum of applications in the power sector, many challenges and limitations are still needed to be addressed before its full implementation into grid operations. This paper presents energy innovations through the blockchain technology and addresses the barriers that preclude the power sector from large-scale, full-scope adoption of this technology. The emerging blockchain trends in near future will be further discussed and its potential in facilitating a secure, decentralized energy trading platforms will be investigated in this paper.     

A blockchain-based trustworthy collaborative power trading scheme for 5G-enabled social internet of vehicles

Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV) falls under the umbrella of social Internet of Things (IoT), where vehicles are socially connected to other vehicles and roadside units that can reliably share information and services with other social entities by leveraging the capabilities of 5G technology, which brings new opportunities and challenges, e.g., collaborative power trading can address the mileage anxiety of electric vehicles. However, it relies on a trusted central party for scheduling, which introduces performance bottlenecks and cannot be set up in a distributed network, in addition, the lack of transparency in state-of-the-art Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) power trading schemes can introduce further trust issues. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based trustworthy collaborative power trading scheme for 5G-enabled social vehicular networks that uses a distributed market mechanism to introduce trusted power trading and avoids the dependence on a centralized dispatch center. Based on the game theory, we design the pricing and trading matching mechanism for V2V power trading to obtain maximum social welfare. We use blockchain to record power trading data for trusted pricing and use smart contracts for transaction matching. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in improving social welfare and reducing the load on the grid.     

An intelligent and privacy-enhanced data sharing strategy for blockchain-empowered Internet of Things

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the massive data sharing between IoT devices improves the Quality of Service (QoS) and user experience in various IoT applications. However, data sharing may cause serious privacy leakages to data providers. To address this problem, in this study, data sharing is realized through model sharing, based on which a secure data sharing mechanism, called BP2P-FL, is proposed using peer-to-peer federated learning with the privacy protection of data providers. In addition, by introducing the blockchain to the data sharing, every training process is recorded to ensure that data providers offer high-quality data. For further privacy protection, the differential privacy technology is used to disturb the global data sharing model. The experimental results show that BP2P-FL has high accuracy and feasibility in the data sharing of various IoT applications.