High quality 3D reconstruction based on fusion of polarization imaging and binocular stereo vision

Polarization imaging can retrieve inaccurate objects’ 3D shapes with fine textures, whereas coarse but accurate depths can be provided by binocular stereo vision. To take full advantage of these two complementary techniques, we investigate a novel 3D reconstruction method based on the fusion of polarization imaging and binocular stereo vision for high quality 3D reconstruction. We first generate the polarization surface by correcting the azimuth angle errors on the basis of registered binocular depth, to solve the azimuthal ambiguity in the polarization imaging. Then we propose a joint 3D reconstruction model for depth fusion, including a data fitting term and a robust low-rank matrix factorization constraint. The former is to transfer textures from the polarization surface to the fused depth by assuming their relationship linear, whereas the latter is to utilize the low-frequency part of binocular depth to improve the accuracy of the fused depth considering the influences of missing-entries and outliers. To solve the optimization problem in the proposed model, we adopt an efficient solution based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-art methods and to exhibit its wide application prospects in 3D reconstruction.     

Evaluation of passive microwave snow water equivalent algorithms in the depth hoar-dominated snowpack of the Kuparuk River Watershed, Alaska, USA

This research investigates the utility of passive microwave remote sensing instruments to accurately determine snow water equivalent (SWE) over large spatial extents. Three existing Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) snow water equivalent algorithms produced by Chang, Tait and Goodison were evaluated for their ability to determine snow water equivalent in a snowpack containing substantial depth hoar, large faceted snow crystals. The Kuparuk River Watershed (8140 km²) test site on the North Slope of Alaska was chosen for its snowpack containing a think depth hoar layer and long history of ground truth data. A new regional snow water equivalent algorithm was developed to determine if it could produce better results than the existing algorithms in an area known to contain significant depth hoar. The four algorithms were tested to see how well they could determine snow water equivalent: (1) on a per pixel basis, (2) across swath-averaged spatial bands of approximately 850 km², and (3) on a watershed scale. The algorithms were evaluated to see if they captured the annual spatial distribution in snow water equivalent over the watershed. Results show that the algorithms developed by Chang and from this research are generally within 3 cm of the spatially averaged snow water equivalents over the entire watershed. The algorithms produced by Chang, Tait, and in this research were able to predict the basin-wide ground measured snow water equivalent value within a percent error range from −32.4% to 24.4% in the years with a typical snowpack. None of the algorithms produce accurate results on a pixel-by-pixel scale, with errors ranging from −26% to 308%.     

条形码中距离动态识别技术研究

本文讨论了条形码中距离动态识别技术中扫描景深与扫描光束波长和条宽等要素之间的关系，提出了改善条形码读取距离的３种方法。为扩大条形码在工业过程控制、企业管理等领域的应用范围提供了理论依据。     

人支气管上皮靶细胞形态学参数的测量

支气管上皮靶细胞形态学参数对计算受氡子体照射的支气管的剂量是很重要的。本文介绍利用奥尔新兰-PAS 染色的外科切除人肺组织切片,测量基底细胞粘液细胞和的胞核深度与数目。结果表明,叶、段和小支气管的粘液细胞核深度分别为相应节段基底细胞的61%、69%和73%;此三节段粘液细胞的数目分别为基底细胞的53%、29%和28%,平均为37%。     

Accurate depth profiling through energy-dependent pulse height deficit compensation in gas ionization detectors

The impact of the pulse height deficit effect in gas ionization detectors on the accurate extraction of depth information from heavy ion elastic recoil detection spectra has been investigated. Thin GaN films and Ge_xSi_1−x/Si heterostructures have been analyzed with a 200 MeV ¹⁹⁷Au beam. Employing an empirical parameterisation of the pulse height deficit, a global energy calibration of the detector can be achieved. Energy spectra have been compared, calibrated with either a constant or a full energy-dependent compensation for the deficit. A constant compensation results in significant distortion of the extracted depth profile for heavier ions, whereas an energy-dependent compensation yields true concentration–depth profiles.     

Development of enhanced depth-resolution technique for shallow dopant profiles

A rapid shrinkage in the minimum feature size of integrated circuits requires analysis of dopants in their shallow source–drain and their extensions with an enhanced depth resolution. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) combining a medium-energy He ion beam with a detector of improved energy resolution should meet the requirement of a depth resolution better than 5 nm at a depth of 10–20 nm in the next 10 years. A toroidal electrostatic analyzer of 4×10⁻³ energy resolution has been used to detect the scattered ions of a medium-energy He ion beam. Five keV As⁺ implanted Si or SiO₂ samples were measured. Depth profiling results using the above technique are compared with those of glancing-angle RBS by MeV energy He ions. Limitations in the energy resolution due to various energy-spread contributions have been clarified.     

Chemical-mechanical polishing of SiO2 thin films studied by X-ray reflectivity

Specular X-ray reflectivity from SiO₂ thin films prepared on silicon substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition showed the films to have a characteristic width of the decay in density at the free surface of 17 Å, to be about three-quarters the density of -quartz, and to have an interfacial layer at the silicon interface that was of the order of 100 Å wide and less dense than the bulk of the film. After chemical-mechanical polishing the characteristic width of the decay in density at the free surface was reduced to 10 Å; furthermore, the near-surface region to a depth of 30 Å had a greater density than the as-deposited film. Off-specular reflectivity confirmed that the decrease in characteristic width at the free surface was due to reduced roughness upon polishing and also revealed that the lateral correlation length in the limit of long wavelengths was the same for both polished and unpolished samples. The compression of the near-surface region during polishing is believed to enhance the dissolution of SiO₂ into the slurry which is necessary to achieve smooth surfaces.     

Bayesian network based general correspondence retrieval method for depth sensing with single-shot structured light

This study reinvestigated one of the most fundamental problems in structure light depth sensing field: correspondence retrieval of features between patterns and images. We formulate the global optimum correspondence retrieval by maximizing a conditional probability of correspondence given observed features, which is depicted by a Bayesian network. Different from traditional “code-only” based correspondence retrieval methods, the proposed Bayesian network based method exploits the positional correlations of correspondences of neighboring features, namely, the correspondences of poorly detected features are estimated with the aid of the correspondences of well detected features. The method performs especially well on challenging scenes with rich depth variations, abrupt depth changes, edges, etc. Experiments show that the proposed method increase the correspondence accuracy by about 40% on challenging scenes, compared with traditional “code-only” based correspondence retrieval methods.     

槽深对跨音速压气机稳定性影响的数值仿真

为了研究不同槽深下的周向槽对压气机稳定性的影响,由于带槽结构下的转子37失速类型仍是叶尖失速,但是带周向槽结构的主要失速因素是叶尖间隙的泄漏涡,且不同轴向位置的周向槽所造成的损失也是不同的。为解决上述问题,利用NUMECA软件和系统的数值模型对某跨音速压气机进行了数值仿真,对三类带周向槽结构的计算结果进行了分析,结果表明,设计中讨论最佳槽深应先给定效率损失要求,并且应以研究最佳槽位置的选择为主。对压气机周向槽处理机匣的设计,不一定要设计涉及整个叶片的处理机匣。对于跨音速压气机在叶尖泄漏涡严重的位置优化设计,可提高压气机稳定性能。     

Case Depth Measurement of Induction Hardening Using Image Processing

INDUCTION HARDENING of medium carbon steel iswidely used to produce automotive parts,agriculturalequipment and other machines.Inductor with highfrequency electric current was used as a heater totransform microstructure of steel surface into Austenite.Then water was sprayed on the heated steel.Austenitetransformed into Martensite.Area of microstructuralchange was considered to be case depth that was animportant parameter to be controlled in productionprocess.The standard procedure to de…