Effects of ribose, microbial transglutaminase and soy protein isolate on physical properties and in-vitro starch digestibility of yellow noodles

Soy protein isolate (SPI), microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) and ribose (R) were used to modify physical properties and in-vitro starch hydrolysis of yellow noodle. Four types of noodles were produced; noodles with SPI (SPI/C noodles), noodles with SPI and ribose (SPI/R noodles), noodles with SPI and microbial transglutaminase (SPI/MTGase noodles) and noodles with SPI, ribose and MTGase (SPI/R/MTGase noodles). γ-glutamyl-lysine bonds by MTGase and ribose-induced Maillard reaction within SPI were induced by incubating the noodles for 5 h at 40 °C followed by steaming for 30 min. Cooked noodles were assessed for physical properties such as pH, color, tensile strength and elasticity, and in-vitro hydrolysis index (HI) and estimated glycemic index (GI). SPI/R/MTGase and SPI/MTGase noodles exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher tensile strength and elasticity than SPI/R and SPI/C noodles. HI and GI were in the order; SPI/R/MTGase < SPI/MTGase < SPI/R < SPI/C noodles. Incorporation of SPI that was treated with MTGase and ribose may be useful for controlling the texture and starch hydrolysis of yellow noodles. These attributes may be due to the formation of γ-glutamyl-lysine bonds during incubation of SPI, and ribose-induced Maillard reaction during steaming of the noodles.     

Engineered Bicomponent Adhesives with Instantaneous and Superior Adhesion Performance for Wound Sealing and Healing Applications

Surgical adhesives are playing an important role in wound repair and emergency hemostasis in clinical treatment. However, the development of strong bioglue with rapid in situ adhesion, durable adhesiveness, and flexibility in dynamic and moist physiological environments is still challenging. Herein, a new type of biosynthetic protein bioadhesives with superior adhesion performance is reported by developing a protein aldimine condensation strategy. Lysine-rich recombinant proteins are designed and massively biosynthesized to instantaneously react with aldehyde cross-linkers to realize in situ strong adhesion. The obtained bioadhesives show an ultra-high adhesion strength of ≈101.6 kPa on porcine skin, outperforming extant clinical bioglues. In addition, they possess super biocompatibility, flexibility, biodegradability, and compliance with the tissues. Owing to the strong and instantaneous adhesion properties, the bioadhesives are qualified for dynamic wound closure, facilitating wound repair, and noncompressible hemorrhage. Importantly, they can be industrially encapsulated into custom-made cartridge delivery tubes at low cost for clinical use. Therefore, biosynthetic bioadhesives have great potential for biological applications and are capable of scaling up to the industrial level for clinical transformation, which will be a successful paradigm for reforming existing clinical products.