量纲分析法在土工模型试验中的应用

量纲分析对试验设计和试验结果的简明表达十分有用,有效的量纲分析可以产生一组无量纲成果.以地基承载力为例说明了Buckingham的π定理及Butterfield对其计算方法的改进.通过数值计算的方法对岸坡虹吸排水模型试验进行了分析,初步验证了量纲分析的成果,对模型试验的关键参数选取提出了一些建议.     

Preparation of poly(thiophene-alt-pyrrole) bearing chiral LC group

ABSTRACT

Preparation of poly(thiophene-alt-pyrrole bearing mesogen) was carried out with Migita–Kosugi–Stille coupling type polycondensation with an aid of Pd(0) complex catalyst. The resultant polymer shows lyotropic liquid crystallinity with good film-forming property. The smectic fan-shaped texture is maintained after completion of evaporation of solvent from the polymer solution. The cast film having liquid crystal (LC) order shows light emission function upon irradiation of excitation light at 460 nm. The polymer shows LC domain emission. Mechanical orientation allows to yield LC domain aligned film with band structure. Chiral mesogenic side chain induces π-conjugated main chain helicity from distance in molecular level.     

Quantifying requirements volatility effects

In an organization operating in the bancassurance sector we identified a low-risk IT subportfolio of 84 IT projects comprising together 16,500 function points, each project varying in size and duration, for which we were able to quantify its requirements volatility. This representative portfolio stems from a much larger portfolio of IT projects. We calculated the volatility from the function point countings that were available to us. These figures were aggregated into a requirements volatility benchmark. We found that maximum requirements volatility rates depend on size and duration, which refutes currently known industrial averages. For instance, a monthly growth rate of 5% is considered a critical failure factor, but in our low-risk portfolio we found more than 21% of successful projects with a volatility larger than 5%. We proposed a mathematical model taking size and duration into account that provides a maximum healthy volatility rate that is more in line with the reality of low-risk IT portfolios. Based on the model, we proposed a tolerance factor expressing the maximal volatility tolerance for a project or portfolio. For a low-risk portfolio its empirically found tolerance is apparently acceptable, and values exceeding this tolerance are used to trigger IT decision makers. We derived two volatility ratios from this model, the π-ratio and the ρ-ratio. These ratios express how close the volatility of a project has approached the danger zone when requirements volatility reaches a critical failure rate. The volatility data of a governmental IT portfolio were juxtaposed to our bancassurance benchmark, immediately exposing a problematic project, which was corroborated by its actual failure. When function points are less common, e.g. in the embedded industry, we used daily source code size measures and illustrated how to govern the volatility of a software product line of a hardware manufacturer. With the three real-world portfolios we illustrated that our results serve the purpose of an early warning system for projects that are bound to fail due to excessive volatility. Moreover, we developed essential requirements volatility metrics that belong on an IT governance dashboard and presented such a volatility dashboard.     

嵌入式系统软件体系结构动态建模及应用研究

应用π演算方法,结合Petri网中的面向对象Petri网和时间Petri网,建立了嵌入式系统软件体系结构抽象模型ESAM,研究了ESAM模型的动态演化、一致性和死锁。应用ESAM抽象模型,对车站信号联锁控制器进行了建模与分析。     

Separation of synchronous and asynchronous communication via testing

One of the early results concerning the asynchronous π$\mathrm{<font\; color="red">\pi </font>}$-calculus which significantly contributed to its popularity is the capability of encoding the output prefix of the (choiceless) π$\mathrm{<font\; color="red">\pi </font>}$-calculus in a natural and elegant way. Encodings of this kind were proposed by Honda and Tokoro, by Nestmann and (independently) by Boudol. We investigate whether the above encodings preserve De Nicola and Hennessy’s testing semantics. In this sense, it turns out that, under some general conditions, no encoding of the output prefix is able to preserve the must testing. This negative result is due to (a) the non-atomicity of the sequences of steps which are necessary in the asynchronous π$\mathrm{<font\; color="red">\pi </font>}$-calculus to mimic synchronous communication, and (b) testing semantics’ sensitivity to divergence.     

基于FPGA的π/4-DQPSK调制设计

传统的π/4四相相对相移键控(π/4-DQPSK)调制器多采用模拟元件构建系统,易受环境因素影响、灵活性也较差。因此需要设计一个以数字信号处理为核心,开放性、灵活性较强的系统。系统采用软件无线电设计方法,在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)上实现时输入码率1Mbps、中频为2MHz的π/4-DQPSK调制。结果表明,该方法可产生正确的调制波形。系统模块多用IP软核实现,易于修改和实现。     

射频CMOS平面螺旋电感2-π等效电路模型参数的提取

从有理分式拟合方法出发,提出了用于射频CMOS平面螺旋电感2-π等效电路模型参数提取的新方法.通过比较提参后等效电路给出的S参数和实验测量的S参数,证明该方法的精度很高.此外,提参的策略非常直接,因此容易在CAD里面编程实现.提参得到的等效电路模型对于射频电路设计者来说也是非常有用的.     

802．11MAC层切换过程的代数验证

802．11MAC层的切换过程是其协议的一个重要组成部分，它影响着网络的动态拓扑结构。利用π演算理论来进行分析，可以严格而规范地描述其切换过程。在本文中，首先建立了切换的π演算模型。然后通过推导，证明了模型的一致性。这将为802．11MAC层的研究提供一定的 参考和分析价值。     

Ethylthio-substituted sandwich phthalocyaninato europium (III) semiconductors for sensing NO2 and NH3: Effect of the extended π-conjugate systems on tuning the conductivity and sensing behavior

By using the π-conjugated phthalocyanine macrocycle as the versatile building block, a series of five sandwich-type ethylthio substituted phthalocyaninato europium complexes, namely double-decker Eu[Pc(SC₂H₅)₈]₂ (Pc-1), triple-decker Eu₂[Pc(SC₂H₅)₈]₃ (Pc-2), and their corresponding dimers, [Pc(SC₂H₅)₈]₂Eu₂[BiPc(SC₂H₅)₁₂] (Pc-1@Pc-1), [Pc(SC₂H₅)₈]₃Eu₃[BiPc(SC₂H₅)₁₂] (Pc-1@Pc-2) and [Pc(SC₂H₅)₈]₄Eu₄[BiPc(SC₂H₅)₁₂] (Pc-2@Pc-2), are synthesized and prepared into the solution-processed films by a simple quasi-Langmuir-Shäfer (QLS) method. Combination between the extending π-conjugated system in the longitudinal and transverse directions of Pc macrocycles and/or radical nature of Pc-1 unit among different semiconducting molecules result in unusually small energy gaps (0.345–0.91 eV). Consequently, all of the semiconductors exhibit excellent conductivities. Among these materials, the conductivity for the radical species Pc-1@Pc-1, Pc-1@Pc-2 and Pc-1 is about 3–4 times larger than that for the non-radical compounds Pc-2@Pc-2 and Pc-2. Moreover, the QLS films of five semiconductors take excellent linear responses for both oxidizing NO₂ (100–300 ppb) and reducing NH₃ (4–8.6 ppm). Respectively, the sensitivity (in % ppm⁻¹) gets increased in the order of Pc-1 < Pc-2 < Pc-1@Pc-1 < Pc-1@Pc-2 < Pc-2@Pc-2 for NO₂, and Pc-1@Pc-2 < Pc-1 < Pc-1@Pc-1 < Pc-2@Pc-2 < Pc-2 for NH₃. Depending on the highly extended π-conjugated systems, Pc-2@Pc-2 and Pc-2 films achieve the highest sensitivity of 208.2% ppm⁻¹ and 0.97% ppm⁻¹ to NO₂ and NH₃, respectively. In addition, with a less than 2 min response time within a limit of detection at 10 ppb for NO₂ and 0.48 ppm for NH₃, good reproducibility and selectivity have been revealed for the Pc-2@Pc-2 and Pc-2 films among the best gas sensors obtained so far for all the solution-processed films based on organic semiconductors in dry air at room temperature. More importantly, it is firstly demonstrated that the high NO₂ sensing is resulted from low Oxd₁, and high NH₃ sensing is resulted from high Red₁ among the sandwich Pc-based semiconductors.     

Thieno[2,3-b]indole-based organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells: Effect of π-linker on the performance of isolated dye and interface between dyes and TiO2

A series of novel D-π-A type organic dyes with different π-linker are theoretically designed and investigated for their potential applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We mainly focused on the influence of the extension of π-linker on the overall efficiency. The discussions are classified into two aspects: one is the isolated dyes and the other is the dye-TiO₂ system. The calculated results indicate that the isolated dyes THI-2T-C, THI-4T-3C, and THI-6T-5C have the better overall efficiency. Further, the THI-4T-3C and THI-5T-4C have the acceptable performance if the dye-TiO₂ system is considered. Combination of the isolated and the adsorbed systems, the THI-4T-3C with the moderate π-linker is considered to be more suitable choice for thieno[2,3-b]indole-based dyes rather than the longest π-linker.