冷焊焊缝中的碳化物研究

利用SEM ,TEM ,EPMA等方法研究了不同合金系统的冷焊焊缝中碳化物的分布、形态 ,分析了碳化物在冷焊条件下的形成过程 .结果表明 ,Nb、Ti碳化物倾向大 ,可以在液态金属中形成碳化物 ,但单独加入且含量较高时 ,碳化物尺寸过大 ,分布不均匀 ,对基体固溶强化较弱 ;单独加入V时形成了网状碳化物 ;适量Nb ,Ti ,V同时加入 ,获得了均匀分布的颗粒碳化物及强韧的基体 ,碳化物以液态金属中氧化物为形核核心 ,在冷却过程中外延长大为多层结构的复合碳化物     

钢轧辊局部冷焊实用工艺设计与分析

全面介绍了钢轧辊局部缺陷修复的实用冷焊工艺。结合工程应用，分析了“分区孤立堆焊”、“周边熔合区最后形成”，“焊缝整体硬一软结合”等工艺要点对降低焊接区内应力，提高焊缝工作寿命的独特作用。     

超高真空下电流对铜／铝接触副静态粘着的影响

在销-般式粘着试验装置上,研究了超高真空下电流对铜/铝接触副静态粘着的影响。结果表明两金属间的粘着随着电流的增大及接触时间延长而增加,考虑因焦耳热引起的接触微峰的熔化作用。对结果进行了探讨。     

碳化物在高硬度焊缝中的行为研究

用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)及能谱分析(EDS)对高碳Nb-Ti-V-Cr-RE系高硬度冷焊焊缝中碳化物形态及分布特点进行了研究，探讨了碳化物形成机理及其作用行为。MC型碳化物在熔滴阶段已大量形成，在熔池中聚集长大，呈颗粒状均匀分布。碳化物的早期形成占有了大量碳元素，避免了二次碳化物网状析出，同时有利于使基体转变为低碳马氏体组织，改善焊缝金属韧性。     

HT250冷焊表面残余应力试验

利用亚激光瞬间熔冷焊机对柴油发动机缸体所用材料HT250表面缺陷进行修复,并用x射线法测定焊缝两侧表面残余应力,以此研究冷焊残余应力分布规律以及与不同工艺参数间的关系．结果表明,靠近焊缝处为拉应力,远离焊缝处为压应力：冷焊残余应力范围很小,峰值主要分布在离焊缝中心5mm的范围内,离焊缝中心20mm处,残余应力接近为零;时间参数对残余应力峰值的影响较小,而能量参数对残余应力峰值的影响较大;通过改变时间与能量参数组合,可以得到较小的残余应力峰值,满足发动机再制造零部件表面损伤的修复要求．     

喷敷镍基合金过渡层与铸铁同质焊条电弧冷焊相结合的铸铁焊补新工艺

通过在铸件缺陷表面喷敷镍基合金过渡层,采用多元微合金化铸铁同质焊条大电流连续焊工艺,可获得无白口和裂纹的铸铁同质焊补区。为有性能要求的铸铁件的焊补（接）提供了一条新的途径。     

高能脉冲精密冷补技术用于修复零件表面局部缺损

高能脉冲精密冷补技术由于其独特的能量输出方式,在实现金属零件表面修复时具有修复速度快、热量输入小和结合强度高的特点。通过对液压柱塞杆划伤表面的实际修复和修复区域的性能测试,结果表明:修复层与基体无明显气孔,结合紧密,HAZ宽度为130μm,修复层平均显微硬度为520 HV,耐磨性能较基体提高36.4%。说明高能脉冲精密冷补技术是一种操作简单,性能可靠的新型修复技术。     

钢轧辊局部冷焊焊缝显微组织控制

在钢轧辊局部缺陷冷焊焊缝中,研究了多元强碳化物元素和RE元素对碳化物数量、形态和基体组织的影响。结果表明,经Nb、Ti、V、Zr、RE的综合作用,促进了碳化物早期、大量弥散析出,抑制了导致脆化的沿柱状晶界的网状析出;由于C主要补固定在第二相,使其固溶态份额降低而导致奥氏体“贫C”,从而形成低碳板条马氏体而避免了韧性较差的高碳马氏体基体产生,显著提高了焊态韧性的冷焊抗裂性。     

Acid-Assisted Consolidation of Silver Alloys for Direct Fillings

Silver-rich metal powders cold-welded by consolidation have been investigated as possible direct dental filling material. The surface of the silver powder must undergo an acid treatment to remove existing contaminants and prevent formation of new surface contaminants during consolidation. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the acid treatment on the strength of the consolidated alloy, its reactivity with the surrounding tooth structure, and its reactions with certain cavity liners.This study investigated the effects of pH and concentration of fluoboric acid on the flexural strength of silver powder consolidated into rectangular beams in a partial 4 × 4 design. The study also assessed, by visible and scanning electron microscopy, what effect the acid-treated powders had on dentin that had been pre-coated with different cavity liners. Mean flexural strengths for beams consolidated using dental hand instruments were in the range (77.0 ± 9.28) MPa to (166.1 ± 17.6) MPa, where the quoted uncertainties are standard uncertainties (i.e., one standard deviation estimates). ANOVA indicated that fluoboric acid pH was highly significant (p < 0.0001) with lower pH values resulting in higher flexural strength. Concentration alone was not a significant factor for flexural strengths, but there was a significant interaction between concentration and pH (p < 0.0001). Microscopy revealed that the acid-treated silver powder demineralized approximately 2 μm of dentin when used with no liner. The use of copal or polyamide varnishes eliminated most of this demineralization, but the use of a dentin adhesive liner resulted in some dislodgment and breakdown of the adhesive film by the acid.The results of this study indicate that this silver powder when treated with dilute fluoboric acid at a pH of approximately 1.0 can result in a filling material with strength equivalent to currently used conventional amalgam. The demineralization of tooth structure appears to be minimal and can be eliminated with the use of cavity liners.     

火力发电厂大型铸钢件的焊接修复及安全评估

分别以汽轮机汽缸和主给水管道电动阀的焊接修复及安全性评估为例,对铸钢件的常用焊接修复方法进行了分析和探讨.火力发电厂大型铸钢件壁厚大且厚度分布不均匀,在现场焊接修复后难以实施局部焊后热处理,因此通常采用异质冷焊修复方法进行修复.通过汽轮机汽缸的焊接修复表明在严格控制焊接工艺下,异质冷焊修复工艺应用于火力发电厂铸钢件的现...