葡萄球菌肠毒素B基因真核表达系统的构建及目的蛋白的鉴定

目的　克隆葡萄球菌肠毒素B(SEB)基因 ,构建其真核表达系统并表达目的蛋白。方法　采用高保真PCR从金黄色葡萄球菌FRIS6B株中扩增全长SEB ,目的片段T A克隆后测序。重组质粒pUCm T SEB经酶切获得的pUCm T SEB基因片段与真核表达载体pPIC9K连接。将重组真核载体pPIC9K SEB转化入P .pastorisGS115株 ,经PCR筛选并鉴定pPIC9K SEB P .pastorisGS115。在 0 5 % (v v)甲醇诱导下 ,采用SDS PAGE检测重组SEB(rSEB)的表达 ,并对rSEB的N端氨基酸序列和诱导人脐静脉内皮EVC 30 4细胞分泌IL 1α和TNFα的作用进行了检测。结果　所克隆的SEB基因核苷酸及氨基酸序列的同源性分别高达 98 84 %～ 10 0 %和 10 0 %。表达的SEB在SDS PAGE图谱的位置与预期相符。rSEB氨基末端氨基酸序列与预期完全相符。rSEB与SEB商品有相似的促人脐静脉内皮细胞EVC 30 4分泌IL 1α和TNFα的活性。结论　已成功地构建了SEB的真核表达系统 ,为进一步分析SEB分子中毒性相关活性位点、定位突变获得减毒或无毒的突变体奠定了基础。     

一起金黄色葡萄球菌食物中毒事件的病原检测和溯源分析

目的 对上海市浦东新区一起食物中毒事件进行病原检测和溯源分析,为此类事件的处置和判定提供依据。方法 对病例和从业人员肛拭子以及留样食品样品进行病原分离和鉴定;对分离株进行肠毒素检测、药物敏感性试验、脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)和多位点序列分型(MLST)分子分型和溯源。结果 从9份病例肛拭子、1份从业人员肛拭子及3份留样食品样品中分离到13株金黄色葡萄球菌。10株人源分离株产A型和E型肠毒素,3株食源分离株产A型、D型和E型肠毒素。13株分离株均对青霉素耐药,PFGE条带相似度为100%,MLST分型均为ST6型。结论 本起事件是由金黄色葡萄球菌污染引起的食物中毒事件,需要进一步加强对食品加工企业、食堂等的宣传教育和管理,防止类似事件的发生。     

Carbon nanotubes based optical immunodetection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) in food

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are a major cause of food-borne diseases, traditionally SEs assayed immunologically with ELISA. Carbon nanotubes' (CNT) unique mechanical and electronic properties combined with a large specific surface area make them attractive for biosensing. To investigate whether CNT could improve the sensitivity of ELISA assays, we developed an optical CNT immunosensor for the detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) in food. Anti-SEB antibodies were immobilized onto a CNT surface through electrostatic adsorption and then the antibody-nanotube mixture was bound onto a polycarbonate film. SEB was then detected by a "sandwich-type" ELISA assay on the polycarbonate film. The use of CNT increased the sensitivity of the immunosensor by at least 6-fold, lowering the detection limit of SEB. The CNT immunosensor was also able to detect SEB various foods, suggesting the utility of CNT for this and other optical-based immunological detection methods.     

乳糖诱导葡萄球菌肠毒素A基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

以乳糖作为诱导剂代替传统方法中的IPTG,分别从菌龄、诱导剂浓度、诱导时间及诱导剂的添加方式等方面,对乳糖诱导金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A(staphylococcal enterotoxins A,SEA)基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的表达进行了研究。结果表明,重组大肠杆菌表达SEA的优化条件为:在对数生长期(OD600约为0.6),一次性添加终浓度为0.5 mmol/L的乳糖诱导6 h。目标蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白质的36.9%,略低于以IPTG为诱导剂时38.1%的表达量。乳糖价格仅为IPTG的1%左右,因此,在SEA的大规模制备中,使用乳糖作为诱导剂可以大大节约成本。     

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素在食源性微生物中的研究进展

由细菌污染引起的食源性疾病依然是影响人类公共健康和食品安全的最大问题之一。其中,金黄色葡萄球菌是人类的一种重要病原菌,引起许多严重感染。金黄色葡萄球菌属于革兰氏阳性球菌,广泛分布于自然界,是引起化脓性疾病的重要病原菌,也是引起食品污染和细菌性食物中毒的一种重要细菌。食品受金黄色葡萄球菌污染后,不仅会腐败变质,而且部分菌株产生金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素（Staphylococcal enterotoxins,SEs）而引起食物中毒,由金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素引起的食物中毒占整个细菌性食物中毒的首位。所以,对SEs的研究以及快速、精确的检测和筛查,成为关键环节。本文拟对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素生物学性状、致病．洼、检验方法等方面的研究进展进行综述。当然,对金黄色葡萄球菌及其主要致病因子肠毒素的研究有待进一步深入与发展。     

葡萄球菌蛋白A的纯化新工艺

目的建立一种高效、简便、实用的分离纯化葡萄球菌蛋白A(SPA)的工艺。方法采用超声波破菌和IgG-Sepharose4B亲和层析分离纯化SPA;以Lowry法检测蛋白含量;双向琼脂免疫扩散法测定效价和特异性;用还原和非还原SDS-PAGE法检测纯度和相对分子质量。结果此法制得的3批SPA的蛋白含量分别为4·7、4·4和5·4mg/ml,收率分别为2·70、2·64和3·78g/100g湿菌。对人IgG的免疫双扩散效价均为1:64;与正常人、豚鼠、家兔和小鼠的血清反应均出现一条沉淀线,而与鸡和羊不出现沉淀线。经非还原SDS-PAGE检测只呈现一条蛋白带,相对分子质量约为160000～180000;经还原SDS-PAGE检测呈现两条蛋白带,相对分子质量分别约为67000和34000。结论已成功建立了分离纯化SPA的新工艺。     

A simple 96 well microfluidic chip combined with visual and densitometry detection for resource-poor point of care testing

There is a well-recognized need for low cost biodetection technologies for resource-poor settings with minimal medical infrastructure. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has the ability to perform biological assays in such settings. The aim of this work is to develop a low cost, high-throughput detection system for the analysis of 96 samples simultaneously outside the laboratory setting. To achieve this aim, several biosensing elements were combined: a syringe operated ELISA lab-on-a-chip (ELISA-LOC) which integrates fluid delivery system into a miniature 96-well plate; a simplified non-enzymatic reporter and detection approach using a gold nanoparticle-antibody conjugate as a secondary antibody and silver enhancement of the visual signal; and carbon nanotubes (CNT) to increase primary antibody immobilization and improve assay sensitivity. Combined, these elements obviate the need for an ELISA washer, electrical power for operation and a sophisticated detector. We demonstrate the use of the device for detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, a major foodborne toxin using three modes of detection, visual detection, CCD camera and document scanner. With visual detection or using a document scanner to measure the signal, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 ng/ml. In addition to visual detection, for precise quantitation of signal using densitometry and a CCD camera, the LOD was 0.1 ng/ml for the CCD analysis and 0.5 ng/ml for the document scanner. The observed sensitivity is in the same range as laboratory-based ELISA testing. The point of care device can analyze 96 samples simultaneously, permitting high throughput diagnostics in the field and in resource poor areas without ready access to laboratory facilities or electricity.     

应用通用引物PCR法检测葡萄球菌A、D和E型肠毒素基因

本实验采用20bp通用引物P3和P4的PCR方法对产A、D和E肠毒素的葡萄球菌进行了检测。结果表明,产SEE菌株能产生666bp的特异扩增片段,产SEA菌株产生666bp和约400bp两条扩增带,产SED菌株产生400bp片段;SEE菌株的扩增产物经EcoRV酶切能产生251和415bp两个片段。扩增敏感性实验表明,该方法可检出10~6个细菌。     

利用简并引物检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A、B基因

通过设计简并引物建立一种PCR技术同步快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A和B基因的方法。根据金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A、B基因编码序列,设计一对特异性简并引物SEAB来扩增靶基因片段,长度分别为105bp和135bp,通过对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A、B菌株和4株对照菌株进行PCR检测,评价该引物的特异性;对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B的DNA系列10倍稀释,对其灵敏性进行PCR检测。结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A和B菌株的DNA检测结果呈阳性,4株对照菌株的检测结果呈阴性,通过基因测序证实了PCR产物的特异性,SEB的DNA最低检测浓度为3.58ng,整个检测过程不超过20h。建立了一个特异、快速灵敏的在同一条件下,金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A、B基因的PCR检测方法。