Efficient loading and entrapment of tamoxifen in human serum albumin based nanoparticulate delivery system by a modified desolvation technique

Herein, the poorly water-soluble drug, Tamoxifen (Tmx), was loaded in the amphipathic matrix of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles by a modified desolvation method. In order to enhance the drug loading (DL) and drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) (<2% and 10%, respectively), ultrasonication of Tmx-HSA mixture was performed prior to desolvation process. Tmx loading and entrapment efficiency were optimized by employment of the response surface methodology (RSM)-central composite design (CCD) of experiments. Under the optimum conditions of 1.59 mg Tmx/ml concentration, 7.76 pH and 5 h incubation of HSA-Tmx, the DL of 6.7% and DEE of 74% are achievable. Particles with the average size of 195 nm, zeta potential of −21 mV and polydispersity index of 0.09 were produced under these conditions. A more sustained Tmx release behavior was observed from polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated nanoparticles in comparison to the non-PEGylated ones. The short-term stability investigation showed no alteration in physicochemical properties of nanoparticles at 4 and 37 °C, but small increase in nanoparticles size was observed after three months of storage at room temperature. This is the first report for efficient production of a Tmx delivery system based on HSA nanoparticles.     

A CCD-based reader combined with CdS quantum dot-labeled lateral flow strips for ultrasensitive quantitative detection of CagA

Immunochromatographic assays are widely used to detect many analytes. CagA is proved to be associated closely with initiation of gastric carcinoma. Here, we reported that a charge-coupled device (CCD)-based test strip reader combined with CdS quantum dot-labeled lateral flow strips for quantitative detection of CagA was developed, which used 365-nm ultraviolet LED as the excitation light source, and captured the test strip images through an acquisition module. Then, the captured image was transferred to the computer and was processed by a software system. A revised weighted threshold histogram equalization (WTHE) image processing algorithm was applied to analyze the result. CdS quantum dot-labeled lateral flow strips for detection of CagA were prepared. One hundred sera samples from clinical patients with gastric cancer and healthy people were prepared for detection, which demonstrated that the device could realize rapid, stable, and point-of-care detection, with a sensitivity of 20 pg/mL.     

近景线阵CCD数据采集系统的设计与实现

针对Kodak的RGB三色线阵CCD-KLI14403设计一款基于CPLD的高分辨率线阵CCD实时数据采集系统.系统利用Verilog HDL进行程序设计实现CPLD对各个功能模块和逻辑单元的时序控制,设计采用线阵CCD作为系统图像传感器,以图像专用A/D处理芯片对CCD的输出信号进行噪声处理和模数转换,最后通过USB2.0接口实现上位机与下位机之间控制指令和采集数据的实时传输.这种设计方法不仅降低了对系统各模块之间的协调控制难度,而且具有驱动时序精确、抗干扰性能良好、输出信号稳定等特点.实验结果表明,该设计系统可以有效地完成图像数据的采集和传输,达到了预期效果,且设计灵活,系统性能较好,具有一定的通用性和科研价值.     

CCD技术在测控天线标校望远镜中的应用

通过对传统标校望远镜的原理和结构分析,阐述了传统标校望远镜的缺点和不足之处.创新的提出运用电荷耦合元件(CCD)和自动调焦技术在测控天线标校望远镜中的应用,进一步对CCD和自动调焦技术进行分析论证;改造完成后,反复进行试验验证其可行性.最后,对改造后的新式望远镜与传统标校望远镜坞内标定方法和数据进行比较分析.试验分析表明,改进后的新式标校望远镜具有标定精度高、操作便捷的特点,实现了远程控制望远镜的高精度调焦控制功能.     

Research of optical rainfall sensor based on CCD linear array

Rainfall monitoring is one of the most important meteorological observation elements for the disaster weather. The maintenance of current tipping bucket rain gauge and weighing type rain gauge is a critical issue. The optical rainfall sensor based on CCD linear array is mainly studied in this paper. Because of the maintenance-free time and good adaptability,it can be widely used in the automatic rainfall monitoring in severe environment and have a good perspective in using.     

多通道时间延迟积分CCD辐射标定和像元实时处理

剖析了时间延迟积分CCD(TDICCD)像元校正对信噪比和调制传递函数测试的影响,设计了基于辐射标定和地面控制的多通道TDICCD像元响应非均匀性实时处理方法以提高星上实时图像的像元响应非均匀性。该方法基于辐射标定去除图像的固定图形噪声,并校正图像奇异点;通过分析星上实时传输图像,处理奇异点像元的图像问题,实现地面控制像元响应非均匀性的实时调整。提出的系统实时处理方式可以不改变硬件结构即有效改善图像的视觉效果,对于坏像元、像元性能降低、像元污染等特定情况有很强的纠错能力。实际成像试验的对比表明,该方法对信噪比、调制传递函数有很好的修正作用,其精确调整能力分别达到0.1db及0.01;在50%饱和值下测试的图像非均匀性指标达到1.25%。该方法结构简单,在工程实践中有很好的应用前景。     

时间延迟积分CCD空间相机信噪比的影响因素

为了定量评估影响时间延迟积分(TDI)CCD空间相机信噪比的因素,研究了TDICCD空间相机成像机理和噪声来源,建立了相机的信噪比模型。分析了辐射亮度、积分级数、行频和系统增益(模拟增益)对信噪比的影响。搭建了实验室辐射定标系统,模拟了相机在轨工作时的辐射亮度条件。通过辐射定标对不同工作参数与相机信噪比的关系进行了验证。结果表明:对于TDICCD相机来说,光子散粒噪声、暗电流噪声和固定图形噪声在诸多噪声中起主导作用。相机的输出信号和信噪比均随着辐射亮度、积分级数和系统增益的增加而增大,随着行频的增加而减小。辐射亮度、积分级数、行频和系统增益对信噪比的影响量不同。具体来说,即当辐射亮度、积分级数和行频变化量分别为L倍、M倍、τ倍时,其导致的信噪比变化量略大于L1/2倍、M1/2倍、τ-1/2倍。系统增益只能在相对较小的范围内影响信噪比,且信噪比变化幅度随着增益的提高逐渐减小。     

LAMOST光纤单元闭环运行方式研究

在现有的开环运行方式下,LAMOST光纤定位单元的定位精度完全依赖于标定精度,标定误差及其他影响因素将会对光纤定位单元造成长期的定位误差。使用闭环运行方式,不但能够免去繁杂的标定过程,还能保证定位精度的稳定性。在单元运行结束后,通过面阵CCD检测光纤位置,令单元做补偿修正运行,重复此过程直到光纤定位单元达到精度要求。实验证明,闭环运行方式可以代替开环运行方式运用到实际观测中。     

基于单片机的线阵CCD驱动模块硬件设计与实现

根据线阵CCD驱动时序的特点,给出一种线阵CCD驱动电路的设计方法。采用具有增强型内核的单片机产生CCD所需的驱动波形,能充分发挥单片机可编程的特点, 为用户提供丰富的驱动信号接口,并实现了电子快门功能。首先介绍CCD驱动模块的基本工作原理、主要特点和驱动时序的设计思路,接着完成驱动模块软硬件的设计,最后通过大量实验验证该驱动模块的有效性。实验结果表明: 该驱动模块所产生的驱动信号满足CCD的需要,当该驱动模块集成到其他无接触测量系统中时, 该测量系统能正常稳定工作,测量结果准确,精度达到了μm级。     

三色线阵CCD高速信号处理系统的优化设计

为提高线阵CCD测量系统的测量精度和抗干扰性能同时保证系统信号处理速度,总结并试验了几种常见的CCD信号处理方案,并提出对应优化设计。阐述了线阵CCD传感器、CCD驱动电路的工作原理,着重分析研究了CCD测量系统中的信号采样和处理过程。详述了CCD输出电压特性,分压电路、滞回比较电路工作原理和MCU采样时序。试验结果表明,相比传统使用单比较器的方案,使用多滞回比较器的设计系统精度得到大幅提升,同时抗干扰性能也得到更好的保证。该设计已应用到印刷行业的纠偏控制器中。