Comparison of MPC based advanced hybrid controllers for STATCOM in medium scale PEM fuel cell systems

In this article is about off grid medium scale Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell (FC) Renewable Energy System (FCRES). It is aimed to investigate the elimination of reactive power on the loads fed from the FCRES by using PI-Model Predictive Control (PI-MPC), Fractional PI (PI^λ)-Model Predictive Control (PI^λ−MPC) and Two-Degree of Freedom PI (2DOFPI)-Model Predictive Controller (2DOFPI-MPC). The effectiveness of these controllers were examined and compared both when controlling reactive power and using different control techniques. The reactive power was attempted to be eliminated using Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM). An advanced controller structure has been introduced by controlling capacitor voltages by switching 24 IGBTs in the 5-level inverter within its structure. In this way, the efficiency of the system was increased. The system was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. System consisted of FC, STATCOM, loads, filter, coupling inductance, measurement units and advanced hybrid controllers. In the study, system behavior was also examined in the case of compensation in the system consisting of FCs working off grid.     

Stability enhancement of induction generator–based series compensated wind power plants by alleviating subsynchronous torsional oscillations using BFOA‐optimal controller tuned STATCOM

In this paper, a STATCOM (static synchronous compensator) is used to encounter the potential SSR (subsynchronous resonance) observed by IG (Induction Generator) based series compensated wind farms. The basic controller used for STATCOM control is identical to that of the literature. An idea of a unique meta‐heuristic swarm‐based optimization technique called BFOA (bacterial foraging optimization algorithm) based optimal‐controller is introduced for optimal parameter selection of the basic controller used in the control scheme of the STATCOM. The investigation is carried out with 500 MW IG‐based wind farm exposed to three‐phase LLL‐G fault close to the PCC (point of common coupling) and implemented with MATLAB in both steady and transient states for the three different cases, namely, without STATCOM, with the basic STATCOM controller, and in the presence of the proposed BFOA‐optimal controller‐based STATCOM. In both the states, the observed eigenvalues of the test system, together with the time domain results of the generator rotor dynamics for three distinct cases, reveals the effectiveness of the suggested BFOA‐optimal controller tuned STATCOM in mitigating the potential SSR.     

An intelligent EGWO-SCA-CS algorithm for PSS parameter tuning under system uncertainties

This paper proposes a novel hybrid technique called enhanced grey wolf optimization-sine cosine algorithm-cuckoo search (EGWO-SCA-CS) algorithm to improve the electrical power system stability. The proposed method comprises of a popular grey wolf optimization (GWO) in an enhanced and hybrid form. It embraces the well-balanced exploration and exploitation using the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm and enhanced search capability through the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) to elude the stuck to the local optima. The proposed technique is validated with the 23 benchmark functions and compared with state-of-the-art methods. The benchmark functions consist of unimodal, multimodal function from which the best suitability of the proposed technique can be identified. The robustness analysis also presented with the proposed method through boxplot, and a detailed statistical analysis is performed for a set of 30 individual runs. From the inferences gathered from the benchmark functions, the proposed technique is applied to the stability problem of a power system, which is heavily stressed with the nonlinear variation of the load and thereby operating conditions. The dynamics of power system components have been considered for the mathematical model of a multimachine system, and multiobjective function has been framed in tuning the optimal controller parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been assessed by considering two case studies, namely, (i) the optimal controller parameter tuning, and (ii) the coordination of oscillation damping devices in the power system stability enhancement. In the first case study, the power system stabilizer (PSS) is considered as a controller, and a self-clearing three-phase fault is considered as the system uncertainty. In contrast, static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and PSS are considered as controllers to be coordinated, and perturbation in the system states as uncertainty in the second case study.     

大型光伏电站角形级联STATCOM电压控制策略

大型光伏电站并网后,给配电网乃至输电网的电压、电能质量等带来一系列的影响。静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)可稳定公共连接点电压并提高分布式电源的低电压穿越能力。提出了一种适用于大型光伏电站角形级联STATCOM的电压控制策略,能够支撑电网正序电压,减少公共连接点电压波动,并抑制公共连接点负序电压,改善电网电压不平衡;再结合角形级联STATCOM相电流与线电压的约束关系,给出了角形级联STATCOM相电流指令获取方法;最后,在PSCAD中搭建仿真模型验证了所提控制方法的正确性和有效性。     

链式STATCOM直流电容电压均衡控制策略

针对链式STATCOM直流侧电容电压不平衡问题,从功率的角度分析了基于电压矢量叠加原理的电容电压均衡控制策略,提出了一种基于比例积分控制器的矢量叠加方法,从控制系统上将链式STATCOM分为上层功率控制、相间电容电压均衡控制和同相模块间电容电压均衡控制;再从原理上消除了直流电容电压稳态误差,使得各链节直流电容电压不仅稳定,而且相等;最后在Matlab/Simulink环境中建立了链式STATCOM三层控制系统模型,并进行了仿真。仿真结果证明了直流电容电压均衡控制策略及三层控制系统模型的正确性及可行性。     

改进的STATCOM相内直流电容电压平衡控制策略

在三角形接线方式下,分析级联H桥变流器静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)直流侧电容电压稳态数学模型,重点研究电压内环对直流侧电容电压控制的影响。同时,分析不加电压内环与传统电压内环的控制策略。在此基础上,提出利用变流侧电流反馈来叠加误差信号,以实现每个H桥调制波微小的移相,省去了锁相环,算法简单易行。仿真实验证明:在STATCOM补偿无功与谐波电流时,该策略都能使各H桥直流侧电容电压达到很好的平衡,稳态误差小。最后,搭建了电压660V、容量300kvar的试验样机进行补偿特性分析,试验结果表明该策略的正确性与有效性。     

考虑电压暂降指标的电压协调控制方法研究

针对电压暂降给敏感负荷带来严重损失的问题,提出一种改进的紧急电压控制方法。通过STATCOM动态无功补偿和紧急切负荷控制策略协调补偿故障电压,改善电压暂降发生概率。首先,基于蒙特卡洛方法搭建故障模型,并计算电压暂降发生概率。接着,构建年总支出费用函数,优化求解费用最小所对应的STATCOM最优容量。进一步地,针对不同故障给节点造成不同的电压暂降深度,引进紧急切负荷控制。综合运用STATCOM补偿和切负荷控制手段,优先进行STATCOM补偿,但当STATCOM补偿容量达到上限时,进行紧急切负荷控制,最大限度抑制并降低电压暂降发生概率。最后,以广东东莞片区为例进行分析,仿真验证所提出方案的正确性和有效性。     

Performance Comparison of Circuits for Pole‐Mounted STATCOM Using SiC Devices

The recent years have seen an increasing trend in the cumulative installed capacity of distributed generators. As a result, voltage management may become difficult in existing power distribution systems in the future. A STATCOM (STAtic synchronous COMpensator) is a promising option for solving this problem because it can control reactive power rapidly and continuously. For a distribution system, STATCOM needs to be pole‐mounted to realize its low cost. However, a transformer for a STATCOM is large and heavy, and hence it is difficult to install a STATCOM on a distribution pole. We adopt a transformerless STATCOM to reduce STATCOM size and use SiC devices with low‐loss performance to obtain a more compact and efficient STATCOM. There are a large number of circuits available for a STATCOM, and there has been considerable research on performance comparisons among these circuits. However, these comparisons were drawn under different conditions, including switching frequency and level number for the circuits. In addition, these comparisons do not include the use of SiC devices. We made an equitable comparison for a 100 kVa pole‐mounted STATCOM using SiC devices. We discuss the performance and characteristics of each circuit in terms of efficiency and volume.     

Cooperative Control by System Voltage Control Equipments in Consideration of Reducing Capacity of STATCOM

In recent years, the number of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as photovoltaic generation systems and wind power generation systems connected to the grid has been increasing as a way of reducing negative effects on the environment. The outputs of these RESs vary rapidly because of the influence of the weather and the conditions of the location. Therefore, there are concerns that the point voltages in a distribution system may vary drastically and that the voltages may deviate from the appropriate voltage range as a result of the influence of the RES connected to the distribution system or to the diversification of loads. Furthermore, there are concerns about adverse effects on electric power quality, such as voltage imbalances and harmonics. In this paper, we propose a cooperative voltage control method for a distribution system using system voltage control equipment in order to reduce the capacity of the static synchronous compensator. Numerical calculations were performed in order to verify the validity of the proposed method.     

三电平STATCOM不平衡条件下指令电流检测方法研究

本文针对三电平STATCOM在三相电网电压不平衡情况下,为了能够准确快速检测出负载电流的基波无功、负序以及谐波分量,提出了一种基于微分环节的改进指令电流检测方法,并对该检测方法在电网电压不平衡条件下的检测效果进行了仿真分析。