浅谈拆除爆破工程中存在的问题和对策

拆除爆破工程的广泛应用为社会主义经济建设提供了有益的帮助,充分体现了科学技术是第一生产力。但是在拆除爆破领域也存在不少问题,如设计、施工、安全防护、爆破器材管理、爆破理论研究等方面还有许多不足,这需要我们认真正视,并采取切实有效的对策加以解决。文中针对存在的问题提出了一些对策,可以为拆除爆破界的同行们借鉴。     

Geosynthetic-sheet pile reinforced foundation for mitigation of earthquake and tsunami induced damage of breakwater

Earthquake and tsunami impose great threats on the stability of a breakwater. Foundation of the breakwater is weakened by these forces, and it may result in collapse of the breakwater. Lateral flow of seabed soils take place beneath the breakwater, and excess pore water pressure is generated in the foundation by an earthquake that precedes tsunami. These factors may lead to excessive settlement and horizontal displacement of the breakwater. Tsunami introduces additional instability to the deformed breakwater. Due to water level difference between seaside and harborside of the breakwater during a tsunami, seepage occurs through its foundation, and it may cause pipping of seabed soils. Tsunami induced scouring of mound is also a big problem for the stability of the breakwater foundation. Finally, these result in failure of the breakwater foundation. Due to failure of its foundation, the breakwater may collapse and cannot block the tsunami. It results in entering of the tsunami in coastal areas. In order to make a breakwater resilient against earthquake and tsunami induced damage, reinforcing countermeasures were developed for foundation of a breakwater. Geogrid, gabions and sheet piles were used for reinforcing a foundation model. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated through physical modeling for mitigating the earthquake and tsunami induced damage. Shaking table tests were performed to determine the effectiveness of the reinforced model under different earthquake loadings. Tsunami overflow test was conducted on the same deformed model in order to see the effects of tsunami on the model. Comparisons were made between the unreinforced and reinforced foundations, and it was observed during the tests that the reinforced foundation performed well in reducing the damage of the breakwater brought by the earthquake and tsunami. Overall, this study is useful for practice engineering, and the reinforced foundation model can be adopted for designing a breakwater foundation to reduce damage triggered by an earthquake and tsunami in the future.     

上海城市居住社区变迁及其规划对策

20世纪90年代后,上海的城市居住面貌和空间格局发生极大的变化,在这样一个强烈急遽的变迁过程中,也暴露出不少问题,凸显出我国当前城市规划中的诸多不足之处,急待我们的进一步完善。     

浅谈有色金属工业环境保护新形势及对策

有色金属工业是我国重要的基础原材料行业,对我国国民经济发展起着重要支撑作用。近年来,我国有色金属工业发展势头强劲,取得世人瞩目的成就。面对日益加大的资源环境压力,我国有色金属工业发展已经到了刻不容缓的重要转型期。总结和分析我国有色金属工业环境保护方面所面临的新形势,并从发展循环经济、推行清洁生产、做好环境信息公开、强化环境风险防范、履行企业环保责任等方面提出相应的解决对策,以期为促进我国有色金属工业高效、和谐、持续发展提供借鉴。     

用户的候鸟效应对移动通信网络的冲击

随着经济和社会的发展,人们的流动性越来越强,运营商的用户、移动终端也在同步漫游迁移。在3G时代,由于智能终端的大量普及和用户使用习惯的改变,这种大规模的用户迁移对网络产生了较大的冲击。深入分析了候鸟用户的组成和使用习惯,聚焦于农民工和学生2个候鸟用户群体,并通过中国联通2个地（市）春节前后网络数据的对比,得出了候鸟用户对人口流出城市和人口流入城市移动通信网络的不同影响,并提出了运营商的应对策略,即网络建设中充分考虑漫游用户数量,修正用户预测模型,在人口流入地区与人口流出地区采用灵活的资源共享机制。     

The Contributions of Blue-Green Infrastructure to Building Urban Climatic Resilience—Bibliometric Analysis Based on Co-citation Networks

Against the backdrop of global climate change and in regards of urban sustainable development, enhancing climate resilience has become a critical strategy in adapting climate change for urban areas, where blue-green infrastructure is considered an important means. Although existing studies mention that blue-green infrastructure (BGI) can promote urban resilience by increasing its own diversity, flexibility, redundancy, modularization, and decentralization, questions like where to promote, by what specific means to promote and to what extent it could promote to are still lack of scientific exploration, leading insufficient support for applying resilience theory into planning and design practice. This research recognizes the role of BGI in building climate resilience in the key fields of functioning–urban floods, sea level rise, and high temperature and heat waves–and summarizes that the common functioning mechanisms include the biophysical properties of BGI, forming modular units with other infrastructures of similar functions, and the reliance on networked structures to help the system restore its physical functions and social connections as quickly as possible after disturbances and attacks. This paper also analyzes possible obstacles that hinder the promotion of BGI solutions–the lack of data support to BGI functioning mechanism, the lack of comprehensive assessment on ecological-social-economic benefits, and the difficulty in gaining confidence from decision-makers and the public. Finally, this paper proposes countermeasures from aspects of theoretical development, planning practice, and implementation and management, in order to offer insights for building urban climate resilience.     

电动自行车消防安全问题及火灾防范对策

近年来,电动自行车成为广大居民出行的重要交通工具,但是电动自行车引发的火灾也呈不断上升趋势,给人民的生命财产安全造成了重大损失.电动自行车消防安全问题也引起了社会的广泛关注,做好电动自行车的消防安全工作能有效减少和遏制电动自行车火灾的发生.文章通过对电动自行车存在的消防安全问题进行分析,提出了一些相应的火灾防范对策.     

浅谈研发成果如何有效转化

目前我公司研发成果转化推广工作虽然取得了很大的进步，但研发成果转化整体推广应用水平和数量仍然有待提高。加快研发成果向现实生产力转化，已成为建设创新型公司的一项重要任务。然而现实中许多研发成果没有及时得到转化应用，甚至被闲置，这种情况严重阻碍了研发成果有效转化的发挥。本文将从研发成果转化的现状入手，在分析转化链条中各主体及支撑保障体系存在问题的基础上提出对策建议。     

吉林省河流水质污染分析及对策研究

本文通过对吉林省近5年来主要河流全年水质实测资料的分析,客观地评价了吉林省河流水质现状,分析了吉林省河流污染来源及污染成因,并从管理和技术等多方面提出污染防治措施与建议,为有关部门的决策提供参考依据。     

室内可吸入颗粒物的来源及其防治措施探讨

可吸入颗粒物严重影响空气质量和人体健康。国内外学者对可吸入颗粒物已经做了很多研究。探讨典型室内可吸入颗粒物的来源及其对人体健康的影响,并初步介绍了室内可吸入颗粒物的一些防治措施,以进一步提高室内空气品质。