Residual stresses and transformation toughening in MoSi2 composites reinforced with partially stabilized zirconia

The results of study of the effects of yttria stabilization (0–6 mol.%) on the room-temperature fracture behavior and toughening mechanisms in zirconia-reinforced MoSi₂ are presented in this paper. Transformation toughening is shown to occur only in composites reinforced with zirconia particles stabilized with 2 mol.% yttria. However, the fracture toughness levels are comparable in the other composites with yttria levels between 0 and 6 mol.%. Toughening in the other composites is attributed to the combined effects of residual stress, microcrack shielding/anti-shielding and/or crack deflection. A rigorous micromechanics-based model is presented for the estimation of residual stress levels in brittle materials reinforced with phases that can transform during cooling or under stress. The model is applied successfully to the rationalization of the observed fracture and toughening phenomena.     

Pressureless sintering and characterization of cordierite/ZrO2 composites

Cordierite/ZrO₂ composites with 5 to 25 wt% ZrO₂ were fabricated by conventional powder mixing and pressureless sintering method. Their densification behavior, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties were studied. By dispersing 25 wt% (9.57 vol%) ZrO₂, densified cordierite/ZrO₂ composite with a relative density of 98.5% was obtained at an optimum sintering condition of 1440 °C and 2 h. ZrO₂ particles were homogenously dispersed within matrix grains and at the grain boundaries. The intragranular particles were finer than 100 nm and the intergranular particles were coarser. Both fracture strength and toughness could be enhanced more than two times higher, compare to those of monolithic cordierite, by dispersing 25 wt% ZrO₂ into the cordierite matrix. The toughening mechanism in the present composites was mainly attributed to martensitic transformation due to ZrO₂ dispersion. Electronic Publication     

Comparison of the toughening behavior of nylon 6 versus an amorphous polyamide using various maleated elastomers

The toughening effect of two types of elastomers based on ethylene/α-olefin copolymers, viz, an ethylene/propylene copolymer (EPR) with its maleated version, EPR-g-MA, and an ethylene/1-octene copolymer (EOR) with its maleated versions, EOR-g-MA-X% (X=0.35, 1.6, 2.5), for two classes of polyamides: semi-crystalline nylon 6 versus an amorphous polyamide (Zytel 330 from DuPont), designated as a-PA, was explored. The results are compared with those reported earlier based on a styrenic triblock copolymer having a hydrogenated midblock, SEBS, and its maleated version, SEBS-g-MA, elastomer system. Izod impact strength was examined as a function of rubber content, rubber particle size and temperature. All three factors influence the impact behavior considerably for the two polyamide matrices. The a-PA is found to require a somewhat lower content of rubber for toughening than nylon 6. Very similar optimum ranges of rubber particle sizes were observed for ternary blends of EOR-g-MA/EOR with each of the two polyamides while blends based on mixtures of EPR-g-MA/EPR and SEBS-g-MA/SEBS (where the total rubber content is 20% by weight) show only an upper limit for a-PA but an optimum range of particle sizes for nylon 6 for effective toughening. Higher EPR-g-MA contents lead to lower ductile-brittle transition temperatures (T_db) as expected; however, a-PA binary blends with EPR-g-MA have a much lower T_db than do nylon 6 blends when the content of the maleated elastomer is not high. A minimum in plots of ductile-brittle transition temperature versus particle size appears for ternary blends of each of the matrices with EOR-g-MA/EOR; blends based on SEBS-g-MA/SEBS, in most cases, show higher ductile-brittle transition temperatures, regardless of the matrix. However, blends with EPR-g-MA/EPR show comparable T_db with those based on EOR-g-MA/EOR for the amorphous polyamide but show the lowest ductile-brittle transition temperatures for nylon 6 within the range of particle sizes examined. For the blends with a bimodal size distribution, the global weight average rubber particle size is inappropriate for correlating the Izod impact strength and ductile-brittle transition temperature. In general, trends for this amorphous polyamide are rather similar to those of semi-crystalline nylon 6.     

氧化锆增韧陶瓷的相变及相变增韧

本文阐述了氧化锆增韧陶瓷（ＺＴＣ）的相变增韧机理，并探讨了热处理工艺对ＺＴＣ的相变及显微组织的影响规律。     

冷硬树脂砂增韧机理的研究

系统地研究了附加物对冷硬树脂砂的增韧作用，探讨了附加物对冷硬树脂砂的增韧机理     

塑料增韧增强技术现状分析及发展趋势

主要介绍了塑料增韧增强的技术研究现状,并例举了相关增韧增强材料的功能和特性,分析了今后塑料增韧增强发展的方向。     

纳米丁苯吡弹性体增韧环氧树脂的研究

通过力学性能测定、热失重、原子力显微镜等方法研究了平均粒径为100min的丁苯吡弹性纳米粒子增韧的环氧树脂的性能。结果表明，在一定范围内，纳米丁苯吡可在环氧树脂中达到纳米级分散，能明显增韧环氧树脂，同时还可提高其耐热性，用量控制在10—15份时增韧效果最好。当其用量大于25份时，由于共混体系的粘度变大，纳米粒子易于结团成束，导致增韧效果减弱。固化条件也对增韧效果有较大影响，较好的固化条件为120℃预固化1h，140℃后固化12h。     

改性核壳增韧母料的制备及应用

以马来酸酐接枝物为改性剂制得增韧母料，考察了这种母料对均聚聚丙烯的增韧效果以及增韧体系的微观结构，探讨了这种增韧体系的增韧机理。结果表明：这种增韧母料具有典型的核壳结构，与传统增韧母料相比，能够以更小的尺寸均匀分散在聚丙烯树脂中，既能获得较高的韧性，又保持了良好的刚性，使增韧母料的用量显著减少。     

新型PBT增韧剂对PBT增韧的研究

采用新型双官能化增韧剂SWR-6B对PBT及增强PBT进行增韧研究。结果表明，随着增韧剂SWR-6B用量的增加，PBT的冲击强度显著提高；当其质量分数为10％时，冲击强度为lO．OkJ／mz，是纯PBT的2倍；在增强PBT中的效果也优于其它增韧剂；且SWR-6B在改善冲击强度的同时，材料的拉伸性能，弯曲性能下降较少，是一种比较理想的PBT增韧剂。同时对比了SWR-6B和美国杜邦MN-PTW及法国阿托AX8900等对PBT及增强PBT性能的影响。     

PA6/POE/SWR-3A超韧共混改性的研究

采用SWR-3A（POE—g—MAH）作为增容剂，研究了POE对PA6／POE／SWR-3A共混物的力学性能、耐热性和流变性能的影响。结果表明：在12．5份增容剂SWR-3A存在的条件下，随着POE 8150用量增大，共混物的缺口冲击强度不断增大，而拉伸强度、维卡耐热温度、表观粘度降低。当POE 8150用量超过12．5份时，共混物达到超韧。在PA6／POE／SWR-3A共混体系中，SWR-3A具有增容和增韧的双重作用。