Effects of ultrafiltration combined with high-pressure processing,ultrasound and heat treatments on the quality of a blueberry–grape–pineapple–cantaloupe juice blend

This study investigated the effect of ultrafiltration (UF) combined with high-pressure processing (HPP) at 550 MPa, 25 °C for 5 min, ultrasound (US) at 520 W, 40 °C for 10 min and heat treatment (HT) at 90 °C for 3 min on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of a blueberry–grape–pineapple–cantaloupe juice blend during 104 days of storage at 4 °C. After UF, the shelf life of the HPP- and US-treated clear juice blends were 104 and 72 days during the storage at 4 °C respectively. HPP, US and HT treatment minimally affected the anthocyanin and total phenol contents, while HPP better maintained the ascorbic acid levels and sensory properties in the clear juice blend during the storage. Therefore, HPP combined with UF was identified as a prospective processing technique in the fruit juice industry.     

剪切解络-超滤分离金属关键指标预测与验证

根据剪切解络-超滤过程中金属离子的动态浓度关系和质量守恒定律,采用CodeBlocks17.12软件编写程序,建立了剪切解络-超滤工艺关键指标预测模型,实现了金属离子浓度、回收率、体积稀释倍数等指标的预测,并用实验加以验证。依次在转速800 r/min、1 400 r/min、3 000 r/min下回收模拟废水中43 μg/L的Co²⁺、995 μg/L的Ni²⁺和88 μg/L的La³⁺,3种金属的回收率均达99.8%以上时,超滤过程体积稀释倍数的预测值分别为7.0、7.5、5.75,实验值分别为7.5、7.25、6.25,可见预测值与实验值基本一致。本模型对研究方案制定和调整有实际指导意义。     

电厂锅炉补给水处理中全膜法处理工艺的应用研究

以某电厂为背景,针对其中的全膜法展开探讨,涉及到工艺流程、相关构筑物以及设备参数等多方面内容,并将其与离子交换法进行了对比分析,结果显示,全膜法的可行性更高,能达到无酸碱排放的效果,能够发挥出显著的社会效益,以期给相关工程提供可行参考,由此推动电厂炉给水处理工作的持续开展。     

提高无机超滤膜运行效率的措施研究

针对冷轧废水采用无机超滤膜处理工艺运行中存在的问题,从工艺、膜清洗等方面进行分析、探索,总结了提高无机超滤膜处理能力的措施。     

Effect of nonsolvent additives on PES ultrafiltration membrane pore structure

Different nonsolvent additives, namely, diethylene glycol, n-butyl alcohol (NBA), and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, were added into the casting solution (polyethersulfone/dimethylformamide/lithium chloride) to prepare ultrafiltration (UF) membrane via phase inversion. The effects of different additives and their concentration on the pore structure of the prepared UF membrane were studied. The cross-sectional morphology of the membrane was observed via scanning electron microscopy. The addition of nonsolvent additives improved the large-cavity structure of the membrane. When the additive was low-content NBA (1–3 wt %), the membrane pore structure transformed from large-cavity structure to fully sponge-like structure. When the content of additive NBA was 3 wt %, the flux of the prepared UF membrane was 130.45 L (m⁻² h⁻¹), the rejection of PEG20000 was 95.54% and the flux remained high at 4 bar in long-term stability test. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47525.     

Tannic acid coating and in situ deposition of silver nanoparticles to improve the antifouling properties of an ultrafiltration membrane

The construction of antifouling membranes has been a desirable approach for addressing membrane-fouling issues in the ultrafiltration (UF) process. Antifouling means antiadhesive and antimicrobial; however, few researchers have achieved both properties in a facile and effective manner. In this article, we report a direct tannic acid (TA) coating method combined with the in situ deposition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs); this was used to improve the antifouling properties of a positively charged polymeric UF membrane. The results show that the TA–Ag NP modified membranes showed improved protein resistance (flux recovery rate = 71.2% after modification vs 17.8% before modification) and less attachment of bacteria (Escherichia coli K1) on the membrane surface and reduced cell viability in the resulting bacterial suspension (reduced by ≥90%) because of the combined antimicrobial properties of both the TA and Ag NPs. This indicated that our modification method was promising for UF membrane antifouling applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47314.     

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): A versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes

The progress in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) provides an effective means for the design and preparation of functional membranes. Polymeric membranes with different macromolecular architectures applied in fuel cells, including block and graft copolymers are conveniently prepared via ATRP. Moreover, ATRP has also been widely used to introduce functionality onto the membrane surface to enhance its use in specific applications, such as antifouling, stimuli-responsive, adsorption function and pervaporation. In this review, the recent design and synthesis of advanced functional membranes via the ATRP technique are discussed in detail and their especial advantages are highlighted by selected examples extract the principles for preparation or modification of membranes using the ATRP methodology.     

双膜技术在油田污水中的中试试验研究

针对注汽锅炉用水水质要求,采用超滤+反渗透双膜技术对河南油田王集转油站污水处理系统"两级沉降+两级过滤"处理后的污水进行深度处理,通过一个多月的中试连续试运行,结果表明经过双膜技术处理后的污水各项指标均满足进锅炉水质标准。