高精度数控机床非均匀有理B样条曲线插补控制研究

在复杂曲面数控加工中,经常应用非均匀有理B样条曲线。介绍了非均匀有理B样条曲线插补原理,分析了传统非均匀有理B样条曲线插补方法,即泰勒展开法,确认泰勒展开法在计算精度和时效性等方面存在不足。针对泰勒展开法存在的不足,提出采用割线法进行非均匀有理B样条曲线插补。介绍了割线法插补原理,分析了迭代运算初值及终止判定问题。通过对比确认,割线法求解时间短,精度较高,可以满足高精度数控机床非均匀有理B样条曲线的插补控制要求。     

基于UG软件的手机模具设计及数控加工仿真

数控设备在加工制造精密复杂零件方面得到了广泛应用.数控加工要达到预期的加工效果,需要编制高质量的数控程序.重点介绍了UG软件中模具设计及数控加工模块,通过手机实例分析了设计、加工步骤.利用UG软件进行数控加工,可以方便建立实体模型,直观观察刀具的运动过程,提高程序的正确性和安全性,提高工作效率.     

ZnSe/CoSe/NCDPH composites as anode materials for lithium ion batteries with high capacity and long cycle

In this paper, dopamine hydrochloride (DPH) is introduced to synthesize ZIF-8@ZIF-67@DPH in the preparation of ZIF-8@ZIF-67. ZnSe/CoSe/NC_DPH (N-doped carbon) composites are calcined in a high-temperature inert atmosphere with ZIF-8@ZIF-67@DPH as the precursor, selenium powder as the selenium source. ZnSe/CoSe/NC_DPH has high discharge specific capacity, good cycle stability and outstanding rate performance. The first discharge capacity of ZnSe/CoSe/NC_DPH is 1616.6 mAh g⁻¹ at the current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹, and the reversible capacity remains at 1214.2 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles, the reversible capacity is 416.7 mAh g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹. Therefore, ZnSe/CoSe/NC_DPH composites provide a new step for the research and synthesis of new stable, high-capacity, and safe high-performance lithium ion batteries. The bimetallic selenide composites not only have bimetallic active sites, but also can form synergistic effect between different metal phases, which can effectively reduce the capacity attenuation caused by volume expansion and reactive stress enrichment during lithium storage of metal oxide anode materials. Meanwhile, N-doped carbon can improve the conductivity and provide more active sites to store lithium, thus improving its lithium storage capacity.     

Heavy metals in aquatic plants,clams, and sediments from the Chesapeake Bay,U.S.A. implications for waterfowl

Dry weight concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc were measured in clams, submerged aquatic macrophytes and sediments from several locations in the Chesapeake Bay region. Clam species included Macoma balthica, Mya arenaria, and Rangia cuneata; plant taxa included Najas spp., Potamogeton spp., Ruppia maritima, Vallisneria americana, and Zostera marina. Cadmium and lead concentrations were generally greater in whole plants than in soft tissues of clams, while the reverse was true for zinc; no marked trend was observed in copper concentrations. These results suggest that the changes occurring in the food habits of some Chesapeake Bay waterfowl towards increased clam utilization as a result of declining submerged plant abundances is not increasing ingestion of the nonessential metals cadmium and lead. Highest lead, copper and zinc concentrations were observed in sediments from the Patapsco River, which is probably due to the proximity of Baltimore Harbor. Highest cadmium concentrations were observed in sediments in the Port Tobacco River, a tributary of the Potomac River. These observations were generally consistent with high concentrations of the respective metal(s) in biota from these locations. Concentrations of the four metals in sediments were highly correlated to organic matter content.     

Sub-micrometer particulate air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China

Background

While the link between particulate matter and cardiovascular mortality is well established, it is not fully investigated and understood which properties of the aerosol might be responsible for the health effects, especially in polluted mega-city areas.

Objectives

Our goal was to explore the association between daily cardiovascular mortality and different particle metrics in the sub-micrometer range in Beijing, China.

Methods

We obtained daily counts of cause-specific cardiovascular deaths in the Beijing urban area for the period March 2004 to August 2005. Concurrently, continuous measurements of particle number size distributions were performed. Particle number concentrations (NC) between 0.003 μm and 0.8 μm were converted to particle mass and surface area concentrations assuming spherical particles. Semi-parametric Poisson regression models adjusting for trend, seasonality, day of the week, and meteorology were used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative particle effects. Additionally, effect modification by air mass origin was investigated.

Results

We observed associations between daily cardiovascular mortality and particle NC for a 2-days delay. Moreover, nearly all particle metrics showed 2-days delayed associations with ischemic heart disease mortality. The strongest association was found for particle NC in the size range 0.03-0.1 μm (7.1% increase in daily mortality with a 95%-confidence interval of 2.9%-11.5%, per an increase of 6250 particles/cm³). Results for surface and mass concentrations with a lag of two days indicated effect modification by air mass origin, whereas effects of particle NC were not modified.

Conclusions

Results show an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality in Beijing from short-term exposure to particulate air pollution in the sub-micrometer range. Results also indicate that locally produced smaller particles and regionally transported particles may exhibit different effects in Beijing.     

球形Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/NC复合材料的制备及性能

以CH_3COOLi为锂源、Ti(OC_4H_9)_4为钛源、聚乙二醇(PEG)1000为碳源、CO(NH_2)_2为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备球形氮修饰碳(NC)包覆钛酸锂(Li_4Ti_5O_(12))复合材料。用XRD、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热重测试分析材料的晶型及元素组成,用SEM和透射电子显微镜测试分析结构。制备的材料呈球形,NC包覆未改变Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的晶型,但会导致烧结过程中部分Ti~(4+)还原成Ti~(3+)。恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗等测试表明:NC包覆,可提高Li_4Ti_5O_(12)的电化学性能,当NC包覆量为4.11%时,复合材料的循环性能最好,以1 C在0.8~2.5 V循环100次,仍保持103.5 mAh/g的比容量。     

数控铣磨非球面面形误差补偿技术研究

数控铣磨是脆性材料非球面成形加工的主要方法。在数控铣磨非球面工艺技术研究中,面形误差直接影响加工精度和生产效率。结合数控铣磨非球面原理,利用Satisloh GI-3P精密铣磨加工中心铣磨非球面硅透镜,分析了影响非球面硅透镜面形误差的因素,并探讨了修正补偿面形误差的方法。结果表明:影响非球面面形精度的主要因素为z轴偏移误差、CNC程序原点与实际工件旋转轴心的偏移误差和砂轮磨损误差,通过修正误差后,有效提高了非球面成形的加工精度和加工效率。     

基于NC代码的数控渐进成形有限元分析轨迹点提取研究

针对数控渐进成形有限元分析中非线性运动加载问题,提出了一种基于NC代码的数控渐进成形有限元分析轨迹点的提取方法。首先通过VC++编程对NC代码文件进行读取,识别出NC代码中刀具轨迹的插补形式;然后分别按照直线插补和圆弧插补两种插补形式,将刀具轨迹按给定的精度离散成点群,并将点的坐标连同设定的时间分别存储为有限元分析软件可读入的文本格式文件。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的应用实例表明,利用该方法从NC代码中获取的有限元分析所需轨迹点,可保证数控渐进成形有限元分析仿真稳定可靠地进行。     

覆盖件模具型面数控加工CAPP研究及应用

对覆盖件模具型面的数控加工工艺进行详细分析。结合工艺优化和工艺经验,以大型加工软件Power MILL 2012为平台,开发了覆盖件模具型面数控加工CAPP工艺模板,规范了模具型面加工工艺参数及路线,提高了数控编程效率和质量,实现了汽车覆盖件模具设计制造的一体化。实际应用证明,该CAPP工艺模板具有实用性和高效性。     

面向数控渐进成形鼓包问题的成形轨迹生成与规划

针对数控渐进成形中鼓包的问题,提出了基于STL(Sterolithography)模型的等高线轮廓扫描、等高线轮廓与底面扫描、各等高层由外向内全扫描和各等高层由内向外全扫描4种挤压工具扫描运动轨迹类型,并给出了基于STL模型顶点偏置算法和多边形边偏置算法的各类型挤压运动轨迹生成方法;同时,采用有限元分析软件对这4种扫描运动轨迹的数控渐进成形效果进行了数字模拟仿真分析。研究结果表明,采用各等高层由内向外全扫描的轨迹进行数控渐进成形时不发生鼓包现象,并且能够减少制件的整体厚度差。