Sandwiched structure of hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets processed by Nd-Cu eutectic alloys diffusion

A series of sandwiched structures with different near-surface mass fractions x(x=3 wt%,4 wt%,5 wt%)was employed to develop high-coercivity hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets by the addition of 2 wt%Nd-Cu eutectic alloys via adjusting the middle thickness and near-surface thickness.The designed magnet with a pronounced composite structure shows a 23% increase in coercivity with a 6% loss of remanence by adjusting the sandwiched structure at 4 wt% Nd-Cu eutectic alloys in the near-surface regions.The results indicate that the near-surface Nd-Cu-rich "shell" structure can effectively suppress the magnetization reversal of overall magnets,enhancing the coercivity.With the help of loading stress,Nd-Cu liquid enriched at the near-surface regions of the sample is infiltrated into the Nd-Cu-lean middle region,resulting in a concentration gradient.Microstructure characterizations further demonstrate that the infiltrated Nd-Cu eutectic plays a critical role in inhibiting grain growth and intergranular magnetic interaction.The optimized microstructure features suppress the reversed magnetization process,which makes a positive contribution to coercivity.     

真空热处理提高烧结钕铁硼镀Cu层结合力的研究

目的 提高烧结钕铁硼表面镀Cu膜层结合力,改善可焊性,进一步制备生物友好的强耐蚀性防护薄膜。方法 采用磁控溅射技术在钕铁硼表面制备约7 μm厚的Cu膜,研究热处理温度和时间对Cu/NdFeB界面组织、膜基结合力和样品磁性能的影响,选取最优化热处理样品电镀约2 μm厚的Sn膜,再于280 ℃在其表面焊接Au片,评估其可焊性。结果 500 ℃热处理样品的Cu膜与基体间发生了明显扩散,扩散深度及结合力随时间延长而增加。热处理2 h样品的膜基结合力由处理前的11.0 MPa提高至31.5 MPa,膜基分离位置发生在磁体亚表面层,矫顽力、剩磁和最大磁能积等磁性能无显著下降。进一步镀Sn后,在其表面焊接的Au层与Cu膜层基体冶金结合良好,耐腐蚀性能优异。700 ℃热处理样品的Cu膜与基体间扩散过快,易造成Cu膜消失及钕铁硼基体表面损伤。结论 真空热处理温度和时间对Cu/钕铁硼界面组织有根本性影响,通过适宜的热处理可大幅提高磁控溅射的Cu膜与烧结钕铁硼之间的膜基结合力,同时不明显降低磁性能,可采用焊接方法在热处理后的Cu膜表面制备结合力高、长效耐蚀且生物友好的防护薄膜。     

合金元素对(NdPr)_6Fe_(79)B_(15)非晶厚带的晶化行为及磁性能影响

利用熔体快淬法制备了(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15和(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3Cu0.5Zr1B15非晶带。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和差热分析(DSC),并借助Kempen模型和Kissinger方程,研究了合金的非晶晶化过程及非等温晶化动力学。结果表明,与(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15合金相比,(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3Cu0.5Zr1B15合金的非晶形成能力明显提高,在9 m/s的辊速下获得了厚度为100μm以上的非晶厚带。2种合金的非晶厚带具有不同的晶化过程及晶化动力学机制。(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15合金的晶化分4步完成:非晶相(A)→Nd2Fe23B3+A’→α-Fe+Fe3B+Nd2Fe23B3’→α-Fe+Fe3B+Nd2Fe14B→α-Fe+Fe3B+Nd2Fe14B+Nd1Fe4B4;而(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3-Cu0.5Zr1B15合金的晶化分两步完成:非晶相(A)→Fe3B+A’→α-Fe+Fe3B+Nd2Fe14B。与(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15合金由界面控制的多晶型晶化不同,(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3Cu0.5Zr1B15合金第1步为界面控制的多晶型晶化,第2步则以扩散控制的共晶型晶化为主。由于退火后组织结构的细化和改善,(Nd Pr,Dy)6Fe74.5Co3Cu0.5Zr1B15合金带的磁性能明显优于(Nd Pr)6Fe79B15合金带。     

Effect of niobium on thermal stability and impact toughness of Nd-Fe-B magnets with ultra-high intrinsic coercivity

The effects of Nb on the thermal stability and impact toughness of ultra-high intrinsic coercivity of Nd-Fe-B magnets were investigated.The results showed that the addition of Nb could improve the thermal stability,and obviously increased the impact toughness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.The optimum thermal stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was obtained when the content of Nb was 1.0 at.%.The maximum impact toughness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was obtained when the content of Nb was 1.5 at.%,but the magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets drastically deteriorated when the content of Nb increased from 1.0 at.% to 1.5 at.%.The microstructure showed that overfull Nb addition made many ultra-fine grains get together,which led to the density of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets decline and drastically deteriorated the magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

Enhanced magnetic properties in Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering via die-upsetting process

The magnetic properties and microstructure of Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering with different die-upsetting processes were investigated. The results showed that the optimum magnetic properties of die-upset Nd-Fe-B magnets were obtained at 680 ℃ when the die-upset level was 60%, and the degree of magnetic alignment was 0.84. The microstructures showed that the coarse grains oc-curred predominantly within certain areas, and abnormal grain growth was not observed within the major areas of wel...     

烧结钕铁硼镀镍防腐性能比较

采用不同浇铸工艺和破碎工艺制备三种烧结钕铁硼磁体,对三种磁体及其电镀镍后的防腐性能进行了比较.研究发现,三种磁体电镀镍后的防腐性能不仅与镍镀层厚度有关,同时也与基体本身耐蚀性能有关.经对比分析,采用速凝薄带配合氢气破碎工艺制备的镀镍磁体防腐性能最佳.     

各向异性热压稀土永磁体的热变形机制及微磁结构研究

重点研究制备工艺对各向异性热压稀土永磁体性能的影响,探讨了热压永磁体的热变形机理和数学描述模型,并尝试从微磁结构的角度研究各向异性纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体,揭示纳米晶粒之间的静磁和交换耦合相互作用、磁化和反磁化、热退磁等微观机制。获得了最佳磁性能为:Hcj=1 157 kA/m,Br=1.465 T,(BH)max=426 kJ/m3纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体。     

采用Matlab软件分析（PrNd）xAl0.12Nb0.2Cu0.13B1.05Fe98.5-x合金的失重性能

研究了采用高压加速老化试验机对HD工艺和普通工艺制备的两种(PrNd)xAl0.12Nb0.2Cu0.13B1.05-Fe98.5-x合金样品在温度为130℃,压强为0.22MPa,湿度为95%的极端环境条件下处理168h后的失重情况,通过磁化特性自动测量仪检测了其老化前后的磁性能,用激光粒度仪测试了其原始粉末粒度,并用Matlab软件对两种样品的SEM微观结构照片中富Nd相的含量进行了分析。结果表明,两种样品的富Nd相含量有区别,普通工艺制备样品为7.63%,而HD工艺制备样品为7.80%,且磁性能也较好,粉末平均粒度较小,前者却相对较大。此外,二者的平均失重率分别是-3.5386mg·cm-2和-0.1645mg·cm-2。另一方面,经过失重试验后,前者的剩余磁通密度Br降低了0.74%,后者仅仅降低了0.64%,两者的内禀矫顽力Hcj也分别降低了2.28%和1.14%,方形度Hk/Hb分别降低了24.9%和0.10%,最大磁能积(BH)max降低了2.84%和2.06%。     

晶界扩散Tb对烧结Nd-Fe-B组织与磁性能的影响

用磁控溅射法在烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体表面沉积Tb金属薄膜并进行晶界扩散处理,对比经不同热扩散温度及时间处理后的磁体组织和磁性能变化。结果表明,925℃×10 h+500℃×2 h为最佳晶界扩散工艺,可将磁体矫顽力提高到1630.9 kA·m^-1,较原始磁体提升50%,同时剩磁和磁能积无明显下降,磁体仍具有较高的退磁曲线方形度。晶界扩散处理后磁体取向度有所提高,主相晶粒表面形成了明显的富Tb壳层结构,其厚度随离开磁体表面距离的增加逐渐变薄,随热扩散温度升高和时间延长逐渐增厚。长时间热扩散处理使磁体内形成沿晶界分布的连续薄层富Nd相,将主相晶粒彼此分隔,有效降低磁性相颗粒间交换耦合作用。能谱(EDS)分析表明,适当的热扩散工艺可使Tb元素扩散至磁体芯部,渗透厚度4 mm的磁体。     

氢爆工艺(HD)对钕铁硼磁粉粒度和形状的影响研究

采用热处理态钕铁硼平板铸锭作为母合金,通过氢爆工艺将平板铸锭破碎成磁粉。研究了氢爆工艺过程中温度、氢压对钕铁硼磁粉的破碎程度、粒度和形状的影响。实验发现,随着温度和氢压的提高,吸氢过程活化时间逐渐缩短,当温度为300℃,氢压为0.1 MPa时,活化过程消失,铸锭一旦暴露在氢气中,吸氢过程直接发生。热处理态平板铸锭吸氢之后,破碎得到的磁粉大部分为粒度在178μm下的细粉,且随着氢压的提高,氢爆后细粉所占的质量分数趋势上是单调增加的。磁粉细粉粒度分布对氢压的变化不敏感,但是在相同氢压下,从室温到300℃,随着温度升高,磁粉平均粒度明显变粗。磁粉形状大部分为颗粒状,对应氢爆时富Nd相和Nd₂Fe₁₄B相间的沿晶断裂,少数呈尖角、针棒等不规则形状,可能与Nd₂Fe₁₄B相内穿晶断裂的发生有关。随着实验温度升高,氢爆-脱氢后的磁粉Nd₂Fe₁₄B相的衍射峰峰位向高角度发生偏移,原因是更高温度有利于脱氢,导致含氢量逐渐减少。不同氢压条件下,Nd₂Fe₁₄B相衍射峰位基本不变。