Prediction of Selective Extraction of Cresols from Aqueous Solutions by Ionic Liquids Using Theoretical Approach

This work reports the prediction of selective extraction of cresol from aqueous solutions using ionic liquids (ILs) as the solvent. Judicious screening of various ILs was carried out for all the three forms of cresol (i.e., o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol). A quantum chemical based theoretical model “conductor-like screening model for real solvents” (COSMO-RS) was used to predict the selectivity of cresol in aqueous medium at infinite dilution. A screening of 360 possible ILs from 15 cations and 24 anions was carried out to determine the best IL for the removal of cresol from water. Amongst the phosphonium and imidazolium based cations, trihexyl tetradecylphosphonium [THTDP] and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium [OMIM] gave the highest selectivity other than the anions bromide and chloride. The selectivities for different cresols followed the pattern: m-cresol > p-cresol > o-cresol. Similarly for pyridinium and quinolium based cations, 1-ethylpyridinium [EPY] and 1-octylquinolium [OQU] gave the highest selectivity. Amongst the two cations studied for pyrrolidinium based cations, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium [HMPL] was the best. Trihexyl tetradecylphosphonium salicyclate [THTDP][SAL] gave the highest selectivity of 662 amongst all the ILs screened.     

Biohydrogen production from cellobiose in phenol and cresol-containing medium using Clostridium sp. R1

Cellobiose fermentation in batch test using an isolated strain, Clostridium sp. R1, was investigated. The Clostridium sp. R1 achieved a maximum hydrogen yield of 3.5 mol H₂ mol⁻¹ cellobiose at pH 6 and 30 °C, higher than most yields reported in literature. This strain can generate hydrogen from a number of carbohydrates, including galactose, glucose, mannose, maltose, sucrose, and starch. This strain can also convert cellobiose to hydrogen in the presence of toxic phenol or cresol. The inhibition effects of phenolic compounds on strain R1 activity followed phenol > p-cresol > o-cresol > m-cresol. Co-culturing with another strain, Clostridium butyricum, can co-degrade some of the phenol as substrates. The new isolated strain can yield hydrogen from phenol-containing wastewaters.     

一种新型气硬冷芯盒树脂砂工艺试验及其在生产中的应用

原砂加入2．5％水溶性酚醛树脂，固化剂为甲酸甲脂，加入量占树脂的30％～40％。先把甲酸甲脂在气体发生器中气化，然后再与40％的压缩空气混合，吹气硬化制芯，最高抗拉强度1．2MPa，抗压强度0．32MPa，发气量12mL／g。生产浇注试验表明：砂芯表面光洁，轮廓清晰，尺寸精确，铸件缺陷少，无毒或低毒，和一般冷硬树脂砂比较，成本降低30％。     

含磷化合物改性氢氧化镁及其在EVA中应用研究

采用钛酸酯偶联剂201、311和含磷有机阻燃剂磷酸甲酚二苯酯、亚磷酸二甲酯对氢氧化镁进行表面改性,以红外光谱、热重、电镜和粒度分析为表征手段考察不同种类的改性剂对氢氧化镁表面改性的影响。结果表明,磷酸甲酚二苯酯改性氢氧化镁能提高10℃分解温度,增加高温下质量保持率;钛酸酯偶联剂311改性氢氧化镁能降低平均粒度,使粒径分散性更好。使用改性后氢氧化镁的复合材料,断裂伸长率和极限氧指数有着明显的提高,尤其钛酸酯偶联剂311改性后的复合材料断裂伸长率能达到751.1%,磷酸甲酚二苯酯改性后的复合材料氧指数能达到37.2%。     

Dispersed acrylate rubber-modified epoxy resins for electronic encapsulation

A process was developed to incorporate stable dispersed acrylate rubber particles in an epoxy resin matrix which greatly reduces the stress of cured epoxy resins for electronic encapsulation application. The effect of the alkyl group of the acrylate monomer on the phase separation of resultant elastomers from epoxy resin was investigated. The dispersed acrylate rubbers effectively reduce the stress of cured epoxy resins by reducing the flexural modulus, while the glass transition temperature (T_g) was hardly depressed. Electronic devices encapsulated with the dispersed acrylate rubber-modified epoxy molding compounds have exhibited excellent resistance to the thermal shock cycling test and resulted in an extended device use life.     

Adsorption equilibria and kinetics for phenol and cresol onto polymeric adsorbents: effects of adsorbents/adsorbates structure and interface

Phenol and cresol (o-, m-, and p-) were selected as the adsorbates with different dipole moment (cresol>phenol, methyl being electron-drawing group) and solubility (phenol>cresol, methyl being hydrophobic group). Macropore polymers (NDA-1800 and XAD-4), hypercrosslinked polymers (NDA-100), and chemically modified adsorbents (NDA-150 and NDA-99), were comparatively used to investigate the adsorption properties including equilibria, thermodynamics and kinetics. First, all of the results about equilibria show that the adsorption data fit well to the Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity of NDA-99 and NDA-150 especially for phenol is larger in a certain extent than other three types of polymers. The hydrophobic interaction from large specific surface was mainly occurred, while the polar groups containing oxygen and amine markedly enhance the adsorption process via hydrogen interaction. Furthermore, the adsorption amount for NDA-99 and XAD-4 decrease linearly with the solubility of solutes tested. Then, the negative values of enthalpy demonstrate the predominantly exothermic and physical solid-extraction processes. Finally, the relatively more rapid adsorption process could be found onto NDA-150 than NDA-99, with the reason of the double larger pore size of the former. In conclusion, solubility of solute, together with surface area, pore size and modified groups, extremely exerts influences to the adsorption performances.     

甲酚红氧化褪色光度法测定海带中的微量碘

在硫酸介质中、在溴化钾催化条件下,碘酸根对甲酚红有褪色作用,且褪色的程度与碘酸根的量有关,碘定量测定的线性范围为20μg/25mL～50μg/25mL,检出限为6.57×10-1μg/25mL,回收率为98.1%～104.2%。该法重现性好、准确度高、操作简便,是测定海带中微量碘的一种较理想的方法。     

焦化粗酚加工的技术改进及工艺控制

对焦化粗酚分离处理过程进行了论述,选择合适的分离技术生产苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚等产品,探讨分离技术在生产中的实际应用,以提升焦化副产品粗酚的产品附加值。     

0.2%新洁尔灭和5%甲酚皂消毒液灭菌效果研究

目的 验证0.2%新洁尔灭和5%甲酚皂消毒液的消毒效果以及有效期。方法 首先进行薄膜过滤法方法学验证,确定薄膜过滤法可行后,再进行0.2%新洁尔灭和5%甲酚皂消毒液的消毒效果有效性验证,最后进行3次消毒液的有效期验证,确定消毒液的存放有效期。结果 0.2%新洁尔和5%甲酚皂消毒液配制后5天内的杀菌性能是有效的。结论 0.2%新洁尔灭和5%甲酚皂消毒液存放5天内均可用于物品表面的消毒杀菌。     

MULTICOMPONENT LIQUID PHASE ADSORPTION IN BATCH PART II EXPERIMENT ON CARBON ADSORPTION FROM SOLUTIONS OF PHENOL,O-CRESOL,AND 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL

Experiments were conducted on carbon adsorption from solutions of phenol, o-cresol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol in various combinations. The equilibrium data were found in general agreement with predictions based on the ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) theory. The kinetic measurements suggest that the adsorption process can be described by the film-surface diffusion (FSD) model. By using the algorithms developed in Part I and based on the rate and equilibrium data obtained from single adsorbate adsorption measurements, concentration histories of the individual adsorbate of carbon adsorption from solutions containing phenol, o-cresol and 2,4-dichlorophenol can be predicted with sufficient accuracy.