表面活性剂对低渗透油藏渗吸的影响

采用不同类型的表面活性剂进行自发渗吸实验,并对表面活性剂改善岩石润湿性、降低界面张力的能力进行了分析。实验结果表明,阴离子型表面活性剂改善润湿性的能力好于其他类型的表面活性剂,且在岩心中的自发渗吸效果最好,这是由于阴离子型表面活性剂改善润湿性的机理为离子对形成机理,强于阳离子的吸附机理;接触角是决定渗吸能否发生的决定性因素,只有接触角小于70°时渗吸才能发生;界面张力影响渗吸速度和最终采出程度,对于渗透率为1 mD的岩心,最佳界面张力为10~(-1) mN/m。     

双重孔隙介质油藏中的吸渗排油作用

利用美国SSI公司研制的COMPN模拟软件对双重孔隙介质油藏一种重要的开采机理 吸渗排油进行了模拟研究,考察了一个基质岩块为四周裂缝所包围时.在驱动压力和毛管压力的不同平衡(驱动压力和毛管压力的相对大小)关系下的水驱油采收率和水驱油效率的变化规律.     

X射线透射成像技术原位追踪混凝土吸水过程

为了表征二维混凝土的传输过程,制备厚度为1 mm的混凝土薄片. 采用X射线透射成像（TXR）技术,联合扫描电镜、背散射和能谱分析技术（SEM/BSE/EDS）原位追踪水在2维混凝土薄片中的毛细自吸过程. 测试不同质量分数CsCl溶液对X射线透射图像的增强效果. 结果表明,CsCl能够提高吸水过程中混凝土薄片的TXR图像对比度,使得水在混凝土中的渗流路径更清晰、可辨. 水泥浆体在吸收CsCl后,扫描电子背散射图像的对比度显著增强. 不同位置铯原子的EDS能谱结果验证了TXR技术确定吸水前锋位置的准确性.     

裂缝性低渗砂岩油藏渗吸驱油效果的影响因素分析

由于裂缝性油藏储集空间物理性质的复杂性和特殊性,渗吸效果控制着低渗透裂缝性水驱开发动态与开发效果。本文在分析油藏渗吸驱油机理基础上,对影响油藏渗吸驱油效果的各种因素进行了综合分析,为制定裂缝性油藏合理的渗吸注水开发方式提供了理论依据。     

Enhanced oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition of low salinity water

An experimental study was performed to investigate the impact of low salinity water on wettability alteration in carbonate core samples from southern Iranian reservoirs by spontaneous imbibition. In this paper, the effect of temperature, salinity, permeability and connate water were investigated by comparing the produced hydrocarbon curves. Contact angle measurements were taken to confirm the alteration of surface wettability of porous media. Oil recovery was enhanced by increasing the dilution ratio of sea water, and there existed an optimum dilution ratio at which the highest oil recovery was achieved. In addition, temperature had a very significant impact on oil recovery from carbonate rocks. Furthermore, oil recovery from a spontaneous imbibition process was directly proportional to the permeability of the core samples. The presence of connate water saturation inside the porous media facilitated oil production significantly. Also, the oil recovery from porous media was highly dependent on ion repulsion/attraction activity of the rock surface which directly impacts on the wettability conditions. Finally, the highest ion attraction percentage was measured for sodium while there was no significant change in pH for all experiments.     

低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏渗吸机理及其数学模型

研究了低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏的渗吸机理,分析了各种因素对自发渗吸的影响.对低渗透岩心的自发渗吸实验数据进行了归一化处理,改进了三重指数函数模型,使之更好地符合低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏的自发渗吸特性.利用常规室内水驱油实验和核磁共振成像技术,研究了驱替条件下渗吸的问题.提出了在低渗透岩心水驱油过程中存在最佳渗流速度;并分析了在水驱油过程中的渗吸机理,为低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏的水驱油开发提供理论指导.     

表面活性剂作用下致密水湿砂岩的渗吸特征

针对致密油藏低孔低渗的特点,笔者通过核磁共振测试的方法开展了致密水湿砂岩的自发渗吸实验,研究了表面活性剂作用下的致密岩心自发渗吸驱油机理及其对不同孔隙中油相的动用程度。实验证明,小孔隙吸水大孔隙排油是致密水湿砂岩渗吸驱油的主要机理,渗吸对小孔隙中原油的动用程度远高于其他孔隙,达到了70%以上,渗吸采油可以成为致密油藏开发的一种有效开采方式。研究也发现,十二烷基硫酸钠与其他表面活性剂相比表面活性剂,在促进油滴活化,提高洗油效率等方面效果更明显,提高了渗吸效率,乳化作用可能在渗吸采油中发挥着重要的作用。     

考虑应力作用的煤岩水相自吸实验研究

我国煤层气储层渗透率普遍偏低,为达到合理产能需进行压裂改造。煤层气储层裂隙发育导致压裂液滤失严重,强吸附能力使流体得不到有效返排,造成储层损害降低了渗流能力,大大削弱了增产改造的效果。开展了煤岩水相自吸实验,系统研究了煤岩水相自吸特性及应力状态的影响。结果表明,煤样渗透率越高自吸速率越大,自吸曲线可以分为自吸和扩散吸附2段,考虑应力作用自吸速率降低近一个数量级,揭示了煤岩物性和应力条件是煤岩水相自吸的影响因素。通过煤吸附水机理和煤岩孔隙结构分析指出,煤表面与水的相互作用和毛细管压力决定了水的自吸特性。研究获得的认识对煤岩气藏水相圈闭评价、压裂方式优选和压裂液设计具有借鉴意义。     

Composition, soaking, cooking properties and thermal characteristics of starch of chickpeas, wrinkled peas and smooth peas

We investigated both the distribution of protein, ash and starch in legume (chickpeas, smooth and wrinkled peas) cotyledons, and the soaking and cooking characteristics, including gelatinization and retrogradation, of the starch. There were large differences in composition between different types of legumes and also between the outer and inner parts of legume cotyledons. Wrinkled peas exhibited much higher water absorption during prolonged soaking and there were higher hardness value determined for cooked seeds compared with chickpeas and smooth peas. While the hardness of cooked seeds decreased continuously as cooking time increased to 110 min, all legume starch was fully gelatinized after cooking for 70 min.     

缝网压裂裂缝形态对低渗油藏渗吸采油效果影响实验

大庆油田外围地区低渗油藏储量非常丰富,但由于缺乏有效的开发手段,采出程度比较低。渗吸采油是(弱)亲水低渗油藏有效开发的技术措施之一。以大庆外围扶余储层流体性质和地质特征为模拟对象,在仿真模型上开展缝网压裂裂缝长度和条数对渗吸采油效果影响实验。研究结果表明:随缝网压裂裂缝主缝长度和分支缝数量增加,渗吸面积增加,油水交渗作用增强,渗吸采收率增加,但增幅逐渐减小;"渗吸液+增能剂"组合使用能够产生原油降黏、补充驱替动力和油水交渗等3因素间协同效应,可以大幅度提高渗吸采油效果,采收率增幅超过15%。