Evolutions of rheology,microstructure and starch hydrolysis of pumpkin-enriched bread during simulated gastrointestinal digestion

In this study, the influences of pumpkin flour additions to breadmaking on evolutions of microstructure, rheology and starch hydrolysis during simulated gastrointestinal digestion were investigated. Compared to white bread (PB₀), the bread supplemented with 20% pumpkin flour (PB₂₀) showed more continuous and fibrous gel network structure with most starch granules encapsulated in the network throughout the in vitro digestion. Due to the dilution of digestive fluids and enzymatic hydrolysis, the digesta moduli and viscosity remarkably decreased as time progressed, but PB₂₀ presented significantly higher rheology compared to PB₀ in each digestion phase. At the end of intestinal phase, the in vitro starch digestibility was 69.9% for PB₀, significantly higher than that for PB₂₀ (55.4%). This is presumably attributed to the abundant dietary fibre in pumpkin flour, contributing to the increased digesta viscosity and the formation of more compact and stable gel networks that would hinder the contact of starch granules with α-amylase. In addition, the pumpkin-added breads gave satisfactory results in terms of sensory acceptability. This study has suggested promising potential of incorporating pumpkin flour in the production of functional bakery products with reduced starch digestibility while maintaining good sensory characteristics.     

Vacuum impregnation of chitosan‐based edible coating in minimally processed pumpkin

The goal of this research was to evaluate the use of vacuum impregnation (VI) and soaking techniques (ST) in the application of edible coatings of chitosan and chitosan + lauric acid to minimally processed pumpkins (MPP). The vacuum impregnation method led to greater component incorporation (5.9% and 1.75%, respectively) in the pumpkins when compared to soaking and consequently the formation of more uniform, thicker coatings (25.6 and 22.3 μm, respectively). However, VI caused greater changes in pH, acidity, colour and firmness. Relating to water content and carotenoid content, noncoated pumpkins presented greater losses during the storage period, regardless of impregnation method. The pumpkins with edible coatings, regardless of method, presented lower numbers of psychrotrophic micro‐organisms and coliforms during the storage period. Therefore, soaking was considered the best method for the application of chitosan‐based edible coatings to minimally processed pumpkins, as it led to smaller changes in the properties of the product.     

A preliminary study of monosaccharide composition and α‐glucosidase inhibitory effect of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) fruit

In this work, crude polysaccharide extracts were extracted from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) fruit by hot water. After removal of proteins and purification, polysaccharides of pumpkin fruit (PP1‐1) were subjected to structural identification. Gas chromatography analysis indicated that PP1‐1 comprised of galactose (86.4%), and glucose (13.6%). The molecular weight of PP1‐1 was measured to be 0.87 × 10⁴ Da by gel permeation chromatography. The inhibitory kinetic evaluation showed that it was non‐competitive inhibition of PP1‐1 on the α‐glucosidase‐catalysed hydrolysis of PNPG. The Michaelis–Menten constant (K_m) was 0.106 m , and the inhibitory constants (K_i), 0.435 mg.     

Identification of triterpenoid feeding deterrent of red pumpkin beetles (Aulacophora foveicollis) fromMomordica charantia

The triterpenoids isolated from the leaves ofMomordica charantia Linn (bitter gourd) were found to elicit feeding-deterrent activity against red pumpkin beetles (Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas). The most abundant triterpenoid which deterred feeding was identified as momordicine II, 23-O--glucopyranoside of 3,7,23-trihydroxycucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al. A concentration of 3200g/ml and above of the triterpenoids caused significant reduction of feeding by red pumpkin beetles in in vitro bioassay experiments, which compared favorably with the levels of triterpenoids inM. charantia leaves found in nature.     

冷榨南瓜子油饼蛋白质提取工艺及功能性质研究

以冷榨南瓜子饼粕为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取其中的蛋白质,分析pH值、料液比、提取温度、提取时间等单因素对提取率的影响,用响应曲面法优化工艺条件,得到冷榨南瓜子油饼蛋白质提取最佳工艺:料液比1:12(g/mL)、提取温度50℃、提取时间22.5min。在此工艺条件下,饼中蛋白质粉的平均提取率为23.92%,蛋白质质量分数86.48%(湿基,蛋白粉水分质量分数为9.31%)。对提取出的蛋白粉进行各种理化及功能性分析,结果表明:提取的冷榨南瓜子蛋白粉具有良好的加工性能,特别是持水能力和持油能力,均高于大豆分离蛋白。且随着蛋白溶液浓度和加热时间的变化,其持水及持油力的变化极显著;乳化性随着蛋白质溶液浓度的升高而升高,而乳化稳定性在蛋白质质量分数5%时出现明显下降,两者数值均随蛋白质溶液质量分数的变化有极显著差异,但整体也随蛋白质质量分数的升高而升高;起泡性随蛋白质质量分数升高而增大,泡沫稳定性几乎不随蛋白质质量分数变化。     

Effect of modifying pumpkin preparation on oral processing of breads

There is an increasing demand for texture sensations of bread during mastication, with reformulation being needed. This study investigated how bread structure influences oral processing behavior and texture perception. Variations in bread structure were created by manipulating ingredient additions, including pumpkin content and pumpkin processing methods. Results indicated that the physical, chemical, and structural properties drove the oral processing behaviors, and texture sensations were highly correlated with bolus properties. At the beginning and middle of the mastication, bolus from breads with low pumpkin-content required more saliva and exhibited greater hardness, lower adhesiveness, and a higher proportion of small-piece particles than the bolus from high pumpkin-content breads. Bolus from pumpkin pulp breads required more saliva, and was softer, stickier, and generated particles with a lower degree of degradation than the bolus from pumpkin puree breads. However, at the end period, the bolus properties tended to change to similar values. Low pumpkin content breads were initially perceived chewy, whereas high pumpkin content, soft. The dominance rate for soft sensation was higher and lasted longer in breads with pumpkin puree than in breads with pumpkin pulp. Finally, six bread samples were all perceived as hydrated, sticky, and crumbly. This study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of reformulation on oral behavior and sensory properties.     

南瓜多糖对2型糖尿病大鼠PDX-1mRNA表达的影响

目的：研究南瓜多糖对2型糖尿病（2-diabetes mellitus,2-DM）大鼠胰腺一十二指肠同源盒（PDX-1）基因表达的影响。方法：将Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,A：正常对照组;B：模型组;C、D、E：南瓜多糖高、中、低剂量治疗组。8周后,半定量RT-PCR检测PDX．1mRNA的表达水平。结果：与A组大鼠相比,2-DM模型组大鼠PDX．1mRNA基因表达减少（P〈O．01）;与B组相比,南瓜多糖治疗组大鼠PDX-lmRNA基因表达增加（P〈0．05）。结论：南瓜多糖能上调2-DM大鼠PDX-1基因的表达。     

响应面优化南瓜果肉多酚提取工艺及抗氧化性能研究

对南瓜果肉多酚提取工艺及抗氧化性能进行了研究。通过单因素实验和响应曲面实验,研究超声功率、超声时间、乙醇浓度和料液比对南瓜果肉多酚提取效果的影响;通过还原力和DPPH自由基清除法对南瓜果肉多酚的抗氧化活性进行研究。实验结果表明,南瓜果肉多酚最佳提取工艺条件为:超声功率237.2W、超声时间11.65min、乙醇浓度96.80%、料液比为1∶21.4(g/mL),此条件下实际南瓜果肉多酚得率为5.629%;四个因素对南瓜多酚得率影响的主次顺序为:超声时间>乙醇浓度>料液比>超声功率;南瓜果肉多酚具有一定还原力和清除DPPH.的能力,且在一定范围内,多酚浓度与其抗氧化活性呈明显的线性关系。     

流动注射分析中获得一阶导数光谱的新方法

本文提出了一种新的导数光谱检测技术。利用自行研制的一套流动注射比色装置。固定在双光束分光光度计的样品光束和参比光束位置,结合流动注射分析技术,实现同时扫描获得响应信号之差(ΔA=A样-A参),即ΔA/Δt≈dA/dt恰为一阶导数光谱。对其实验技术和检测原理进行了探讨。并将方法应用于多糖含量的测定,进样频率高达110次/h,糖含量在0～4.5μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律,分析的灵敏度较单光束光度提高到1.7倍。对南瓜粉糖含量的测定加权平均回收率为97.84%(n=9),实验结果令人满意。