Continuous Flow Fabrication of Block Copolymer–Grafted Silica Micro‐Particles in Environmentally Friendly Water/Ethanol Media

Polymer‐grafted inorganic particles (PGIPs) are attractive building blocks for numerous chemical and material applications. Surface‐initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI‐CRP) is the most feasible method to fabricate PGIPs. However, a conventional in‐batch reaction still suffers from several disadvantages, including time‐consuming purification processes, low grafting efficiency, and possible gelation problems. Herein, a facile method is demonstrated to synthesize block copolymer–grafted inorganic particles, that is, poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMEMA)‐b‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)–grafted silica micro‐particles using continuous flow chemistry in an environmentally friendly aqueous media. Immobilizing the chain transfer agent and subsequent SI‐CRP can be accomplished sequentially in a continuous flow system, avoiding multi‐step purification processes in between. The chain length (MW) of the grafted polymers is tunable by adjusting the flow time or monomer concentration, and the narrower molar mass dispersity (Р< 1.4) of the grafted polymers reveals the uniform polymer chains on the particles. Moreover, compared with the in‐batch reaction at the same condition, the continuous system also suppresses possible gelation problems.     

自愈合橡胶材料研究进展

具有自感知、自诊断、自愈合功能的智能聚合物材料是高分子科学领域的前沿材料之一。介绍了自愈合橡胶材料的自愈合机理,综述了自愈合橡胶材料的分类、特性和发展概况,展望了其应用及发展前景。     

基于自适应哈夫曼编码的密文可逆信息隐藏算法

随着云存储和隐私保护的发展,密文域可逆信息隐藏作为一种可以在密文中嵌入秘密信息,保证嵌入后的信息可以无错误提取,并能无损恢复原始明文图像的技术,越来越受到人们的关注.本文提出了一种基于自适应哈夫曼编码的密文域可逆信息隐藏算法,对不同的图像采用不同的哈夫曼码字编码腾出空间来嵌入秘密信息.首先利用自然图像相邻像素间的相关性对原始明文图像进行像素值预测,从最高有效位到最低有效位,对原始像素值和预测像素值的相同比特位进行自适应的哈夫曼编码标记.然后,利用流密码对原始明文图像进行加密.最后在腾出的空间,通过位替换来自适应的嵌入秘密信息.由于哈夫曼编码和解码的可逆性,合法接收者可以对原始明文图像和秘密信息实现分离的无损恢复和提取.实验结果表明,与现有的几种方法相比,本文提出的方法具有更好的安全性和更高的嵌入率,在BOSSBase、BOWS-2和UCID三个数据集上的平均嵌入率比MPHC算法分别提高了0.09bpp、0.062 bpp和0.06bpp,在最佳情况下比MPHC算法能分别高出0.958 bpp、0.797 bpp和0.320 bpp,最差情况下的嵌入率比MPHC算法也分别高出了 0.01 bpp、0.039 bpp和0.061 bpp.     

基于块调制置乱的图像加密算法安全性分析

块调制置乱图像加密是加密域可逆信息隐藏常用的加密方法之一,能有效提高算法的隐藏容量和抵抗现有唯密文、已知明文等攻击的能力.针对块调制置乱图像加密,提出一种已知明文攻击条件下的密钥流估计方法.首先,定义图像差值块,分析指出块调制生成密文块以较高的概率保持差值块不变的特性.然后,提出一种伪差值图像构建、差值块立方均值索引查找等关键策略的块置乱密钥的快速估计方法.分析讨论了图像的差值块立方均值分布、分块大小对置乱密钥估计正确率的关系.最后,给出了提高图像加密安全性可能的解决方案.实验结果表明,明文图像的纹理复杂度和分块大小是影响块置乱密钥估计正确率和算法时间复杂度的主要因素;分块大小大于3×3时,图像块置乱密钥的估计正确率达到70%以上,密文图像的内容会被泄露.     

An Engineered Biliverdin-Compatible Cyanobacteriochrome Enables a Unique Ultrafast Reversible Photoswitching Pathway

Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are promising optogenetic tools for their diverse absorption properties with a single compact cofactor-binding domain. We previously uncovered the ultrafast reversible photoswitching dynamics of a red/green photoreceptor AnPixJg2, which binds phycocyanobilin (PCB) that is unavailable in mammalian cells. Biliverdin (BV) is a mammalian cofactor with a similar structure to PCB but exhibits redder absorption. To improve the AnPixJg2 feasibility in mammalian applications, AnPixJg2_BV4 with only four mutations has been engineered to incorporate BV. Herein, we implemented femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and ground state femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (GS-FSRS) to uncover transient electronic dynamics on molecular time scales and key structural motions responsible for the photoconversion of AnPixJg2_BV4 with PCB (Bpcb) and BV (Bbv) cofactors in comparison with the parent AnPixJg2 (Apcb). Bpcb adopts the same photoconversion scheme as Apcb, while BV4 mutations create a less bulky environment around the cofactor D ring that promotes a faster twist. The engineered Bbv employs a reversible clockwise/counterclockwise photoswitching that requires a two-step twist on ~5 and 35 picosecond (ps) time scales. The primary forward P_fr → P_o transition displays equal amplitude weights between the two processes before reaching a conical intersection. In contrast, the primary reverse P_o → P_fr transition shows a 2:1 weight ratio of the ~35 ps over 5 ps component, implying notable changes to the D-ring-twisting pathway. Moreover, we performed pre-resonance GS-FSRS and quantum calculations to identify the Bbv vibrational marker bands at ~659,797, and 1225 cm⁻¹. These modes reveal a stronger H-bonding network around the BV cofactor A ring with BV4 mutations, corroborating the D-ring-dominant reversible photoswitching pathway in the excited state. Implementation of BV4 mutations in other PCB-binding GAF domains like AnPixJg4, AM1_1870g3, and NpF2164g5 could promote similar efficient reversible photoswitching for more directional bioimaging and optogenetic applications, and inspire other bioengineering advances.     

普碳钢超大总压下量可逆冷轧工艺技术及生产实践

针对目前我国部分钢企由于现有工艺装备投产较早、技术落后、机组能力不足，只能采取中间退火+二轧程工艺生产0.12～0.15 mm薄规格冷轧产品，生产成本增加、周转周期长，不能灵活应对复杂多变的冷轧市场需求的状况，开发了普碳钢单轧程可以实现95%以上超大总压下量的单机架六辊可逆冷轧机组。结合国内新投产的某1 150 mm单机架六辊可逆冷轧机组的稳定规模化生产实践，阐述了机组工艺设备选型、主要工艺技术参数配置和生产需解决的核心关键技术难点，同时列举了几种市场需求量大、附加值高的薄规格冷轧产品的现场实际生产工艺参数，以说明该机组的实际应用效果。     

3300mm轧机辊缝位置控制系统的研制

介绍3300mm中厚板可逆热轧机辊缝调整机构的组成,设计了3300mm轧机辊缝位置控制系统控制方案,给出了该方案中压下电机调速系统的设计过程,最终依据设计方案研制了辊缝控制系统,并在实际生产中运行使用。现场运行结果表明,用有准备切换逻辑无环流控制系统控制压下电机的辊缝位置,性能稳定,定位迅速,控制精度达到±0.3mm。宝钛集团使用该设备生产的钛及钛合金中厚板、镍板、锆及锆合金板等质量达到国际同类产品的先进水平。     

双向叶轮直驱式海浪发电装置设计与优化

为了降低海洋能源发电装置的发电成本、提升发电效率,研制了一种新型的双向叶轮直驱式海浪发电装置。采用经验算法和Fluent软件分别对装置的发电机、叶片、双向轴流泵和导流罩进行了设计优化。通过对安装20 W电机和200 W电机发电装置的水槽试验,分析了在不同工况和负载下,发电装置输出的直流电流值、直流电压值、发电功率以及获能效率。结果显示,波浪力能够直接驱动装置叶轮运转进行发电,不需经过中间环节转换,省去了二级发电损耗,在最低流速0.5 m/s的工况下装置能够自启动,而且水流的流向不影响装置的发电效率。从最终的获能效率可知,导流罩对于提升装置发电效率作用巨大。通过对此新型双向直驱式海浪发电装置的进一步研究表明,该发电装置尺寸及发电机功率是制约整个装置发电效率的关键,为下一步研制大型样机以及进行海试提供了依据。     

Bayesian Model Uncertainty In Smooth Transition Autoregressions

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a fully Bayesian approach to the special class of nonlinear time‐series models called the logistic smooth transition autoregressive (LSTAR) model. Initially, a Gibbs sampler is proposed for the LSTAR where the lag length, k, is kept fixed. Then, uncertainty about k is taken into account and a novel reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) algorithm is proposed. We compared our RJMCMC algorithm with well‐known information criteria, such as the Akaikes? information criteria, the Bayesian information criteria (BIC) and the deviance information criteria. Our methodology is extensively studied against simulated and real‐time series.     

基于控制K次平方根非门的类Toffoli门构造方法

在量子电路综合算法中,由于非置换量子门比置换量子门具有更复杂的规则,直接使用非置换量子门会大幅度提高综合算法的复杂性,因此可先使用非置换量子门生成相应的置换量子门,然后再用这些置换量子门综合所求量子可逆逻辑电路,从而提高算法性能。本文重点研究如何用非置换量子门构造新的置换量子门,为此吸收了格雷码的思想,提出了一种高效的递归构造方法,实现使用控制非门和控制K次平方根非门(非置换量子门),快速生成最优的类Toffoli门(置换量子门)。