PAA-PSF交联复合膜的制备及对低浓度有机醇水溶液反渗透分离性能研究

进行了ＰＡＡ（ＰｏｌｙａｃｒｙｌｉｃＡｃｉｄ）－ＰＳＦ（Ｐｏｌｙｓｕｌｆｏｎｅ）交联复合膜的制备，研究了交联剂、添加剂对膜性能的影响，并通过扫描电镜观察了膜的断面结构．研究了ＰＡＡ－ＰＳＦ交联复合膜对低浓度有机醇类水溶液反渗透分离性能．发现对于１０００×１０－６乙醇水溶液截留率达到６６．２％，透过流束可达０．９×１０－６（ｍ３·ｍ－２·ｓ－１）．随醇的分子量的增加，截留率不断上升，对戊醇的截留率达９４．３％，而透过流束则保持相对稳定．对不同结构醇类的分离性能研究表明，截留率存在有：ｔｅｒｔ－＞ｓｅｃ－＞ｉｓｏ－＞ｎ－的规律．     

Dissolved organic carbon of coal slurry transport water

The qualitative and quantitative occurrence and fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching into coal slurry transport water was examined in laboratory-generated coal slurries and wastewaters from the Black Mesa coal slurry pipeline. Laboratory slurries were formulated for both western coals (Wyodak, Montana Rosebud and Black Mesa) and eastern coals (Illinois No. 6 and Pittsburgh No. 8). Sephadex G-25 elution profiles and ultrafiltration studies indicate that the majority of the organic compounds in western coal slurry wastewaters were lower (less than 1000) molecular weight species (62% for Wyodak and 74% for Montana Rosebud). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) for these particular wastewaters ranged from 50 to 150 mg l⁻¹ as determined through the use of an electrolytic respirometer. Also, there was a concomitant 51–74% reduction in the DOC levels in the wastewaters. This removal was primarily due to the removal of the lower (< 1000) molecular weight compounds by the seed inoculum. There was no evidence for the presence of mutagenic organics in the raw wastewater.     

饮用水中氯化消毒副产物的研究进展

自Rook首次报道饮用水中存在三氯甲烷，有关氯化消毒副产物（CDBPs）的研究一直受到广泛关注。该文介绍了CDBPs的研究进展，包括形成机理与影响因素、浓度水平、健康风险及控制技术。指出除天然有机化合物外．应关注水源水中的有毒有害有机物在氯化消毒过程中的变化。     

Influence of anode material on the electrochemical oxidation of 2-naphthol: Part 2. Bulk electrolysis experiments

The electrochemical oxidation of 2-naphthol has been studied by galvanostatic electrolysis, using a range of electrode materials such as lead dioxide, boron-doped diamond (BDD) and Ti-Ru-Sn ternary oxide anodes. The influence of some operating parameters, such as current density, flow-rate and chloride concentration on naphthol oxidation has been investigated in order to find the optimum experimental conditions. Measurements of chemical oxygen demand, HPLC and total organic carbon have been used to follow the oxidation. The experimental data indicate that on PbO₂ and BDD, naphthol oxidation takes place by reaction with electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals and is favoured by low current density and high flow-rate. On the contrary, on a Ti-Ru-Sn ternary oxide the mineralisation of naphthol occurs only in the presence of chloride ions that act as redox mediators and COD removal is affected by chloride concentration and is not significantly influenced by the current density and mass-transfer coefficient. From a comparison of the results of the three electrodes it has been found that boron-doped diamond gives a faster oxidation rate and better current efficiency.     

微滤法脱除皮革废水中有机物性能的研究

研究了微滤法脱除皮革废水中有机物的性能,并考察了其影响因素,对其主要操作条件进行了优化.试验中以COD指标来表征微滤法对有机物的脱除性能.其对皮革废水中COD去除率约为40%,酸性条件有利于COD去除,最佳操作pH为5,且蛋白质并不是影响皮革废水中COD水平的主导因素.同时比较了微滤法、活性炭吸附、生物吸附、超滤等方法对皮革废水中COD的脱除性能.     

Fouling of organic fractionation on ultrafiltration membrane for drinking water treatment:a case study

The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the range of organic molecular weight(MW)causing membrane fouling through the comparison between direct UF and in-line coagulation(without settling)/UF process.The experimental results indicated that,when raw water with organics was treated and the MW of more than half of the organics was less than 1 kDa,membrane fouling was rather serious by only UF and coagulation could improve the fouling for the treatment of raw water.Besides,coagulation/UF could remove organics in each region,and organics with MW greater than 30 kDa were the most possible matters causing membrane fouling,while organics with MW less than 1 kDa were impossibly responsible for membrane fouling due to few organics removed.Therefore,organics with MW greater than 30 kDa were the major factor of membrane fouling.     

金属有机物化学气相沉积法沉积镍膜的影响因素

为了获得高速沉积镍膜的工艺参数，以羰基镍[Ni(CO)4]为前驱体，用金属有机物化学气相沉积法进行试验，以SEM，DSC，XRD测试分析技术探讨了载气、温度和羰基镍的摩尔分数对沉积速率的影响；也探讨了温度及羰基镍的摩尔分数对镍膜微观形貌的影响。结果表明，以氩气为载气比氦气为载气更容易获得高沉积速率；在沉积温度为150℃左右可获得沉积速率较快、微观形貌较好的薄膜；随羰基镍摩尔分数的增加，沉积速率也明显增大，同时薄膜的微观形貌也变得较为粗大，但达到30％之后，沉积速率增速减缓。     

石灰处理去除水中有机物

本文介绍了采用石灰处理法去除原水中有机物的实验室和工业性试验。试验结果表明,有机物去除率在出水pH达11以上时急剧升高,pH至12左右时趋于稳定(以降低碳酸盐硬度为目的的常规石灰处理中pH控制范围则为9.5～10.3);另一方面,当出水pH>11.5时,水中残余硬度开始迅速上升。因此最佳的pH控制范围宜为11.0～11.5,此时的有机物去除率为35％～40％,较常规石灰处理时的有机物去除率(约25％)及PFS混凝剂处理时的去除率(约12％)均有较显著的提高。     

氯化消毒对水中有机物及水的致突变活性的影响

通过生产性试验，探讨了氯化消毒过程对水中有机物及水的致突变活性的影响规律。结果表明，氯化消毒致使自来水中的次生有机物种类和浓度明显增加，水中除了产生卤代有机物外，还生成了多种其它有机物，如酮、酯等类有机物。     

用混凝-超滤法处理低温低浊水

考察了采用混凝-超滤法处理低温低浊时期松花江水的中试试验效果,并与水厂常规处理水质进行了比较.试验结果表明:混凝-超滤法出水浊度恒低于0.3 NTU;投加20 mg/L聚合氯化铝,超滤膜对CODMn去除率达到50%~58%,膜出水色度为6~8度;此外,投加混凝剂可以使膜渗透性能得以改善.因此混凝-超滤法可以作为低温低浊水处理的有效方法.