Formation and characterization of porous spherical biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules using PCL

We developed a process to fabricate porous spherical BCP granules using different volumetric ratios of polycaprolactone (PCL). This technique takes advantage of the formation of spherical drop shapes that occur for any liquid. The method to produce porous granules is based on the liquid immiscibility effect of a PCL solution and distilled water. Granules were sintered at 1300 °C and 1400 °C using conventional and microwave sintering techniques. Using this approach, the granules showed a good pore-interconnected relation and granules with a porosity that ranged from 36.12% to 59.8%, inner pore sizes that ranged from 30 μm to 250 μm, and a granular size of about 1.5 mm could be obtained. Granules were characterized for microstructure, phase composition and porosity. Using this novel approach, we were able to achieve desirable porous characteristics that simulate natural bone structure.     

Regulating the multifactor during wet chemical synthesis to obtain calcium phosphate powders with controllable phase purity for bone repair

Calcium phosphate ceramics are widely used as bone repair materials owing to their excellent biocompatibility, bone conductivity, bone induction, and degradability. Although there are many methods for synthesizing calcium phosphate and controlling its phase composition, it is necessary to explore effective preparation methods by understanding the formation of calcium phosphate and its influencing factors. In this study, calcium phosphate powders with controllable phase compositions were synthesized using a wet chemical precipitation method by adjusting the process parameters (aging time, bipolar solution, initial Ca-P molar ratio, capping agent concentration, and system concentration). Subsequently, a certain biphasic proportion of (biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP) products was prepared, and pure (β-tricalcium phosphate, β-TCP) can be obtained according to the customer's requirements. BCP ceramics with desired phase compositions were obtained by pressing and sintering different calcium-deficient powders. Specifically, β-TCP powder with a purity of 99.83 wt% was obtained when the aging time, bipolar solution, initial Ca-P molar ratio, capping agent concentration, and system concentration were 0 h, 50% ethanol, 1, 0.27 M, and 0.0135 M, respectively. The BCP synthesized in this study shows great application potential in the field of bone tissue repair materials.     

Smart metering for residential energy efficiency: The use of community based social marketing for behavioural change and smart grid introduction

Community-based social marketing (CBSM) has shown to be very effective at inducing behavioural change due to its pragmatic approach. It has been found that nonintegrated intensive approaches towards changing individual's behaviour, such as education and economic self-interest are not successful.This paper will explain how a large urban electricity meter replacement program can achieve a reduction in peak demand and overall energy consumption through the use of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI or ‘smart meters’) coupled with CBSM, which in turn enables the progression towards a ‘smart grid’. In order to measure success the following targets were set:

• •Peak demand reduction (peak lopping) of 20% from the households participating in the Behaviour Change Programs (BCPs).
• •Peak demand shifting (load shifting) to reduce energy consumption during ‘super peak’ by 10% in BCP participating households.
• •Average total energy use reduction of 10% in BCP participating households.

The energy efficiency actions discussed with householders during eco-coaching, and other feedback communications, are identified by utilising the information regarding barriers and benefits generated from the research phase prior to coaching. These actions can include referral to other initiatives such as the provision of reduced cost solar PV power systems, direct load control devices for domestic air-conditioners, the time-of-use pricing product, the provision of in-home-displays (IHD) and other devices necessary for development of a ‘smart grid’.     

Optimizing offset times in Optical Burst Switching networks with variable Burst Control Packets sojourn times

In this paper, we consider the case of an Optical Burst Switching (OBS) network where the Switch Control Units (SCU) do not work at the peak rate. As a consequence, some Burst Control Packets (BCPs) will have to wait in queue to be processed, and then the BCP sojourn time will be variable. On the contrary, the optical burst does not leave the optical domain and the delay suffered is close to the propagation delay. Hence, chances are that the BCP arrives late to a given switch and, in that case, the optical burst will be dropped. We propose a Load-adaptive Offset Time algorithm (LOT) that takes into account the BCP variable sojourn time for the offset time calculation. The algorithm performs on-line calculation of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the BCPs waiting time pdf. Our findings show that this procedure is very efficient both in terms of bandwidth usage and processing load. For example, considering a Gaussian service time for the BCPs, it turns out than less than 45 coefficients are necessary to calculate the offset time for a SCU utilization factor larger than 0.1.     

电网监控系统(SCADA)历史数据库的研究与开发

电网利用SCADA技术实现了对电网设备的监控以及数据的获取。文中论述了SCADA系统中历史数据库的构架、数据存取接口以及程序实现，介绍了如何分别向数据库存储SCADA的分类数据，并就设计和开发中遇到的一些问题和解决的方法进行了讨论。     

A Proactive Operational Framework for Business Continuity in the Semiconductor Industry

Prolonged disruption due to a man‐made crisis or a natural disaster could result in the loss of vital corporate assets or market share. To protect the organization and ensure the survival of the business, a comprehensive contingency plan is necessary. Some unique characteristics of the semiconductor industry are its equipment and its technological and capital‐intensive investments. As with any other industry, the uninterrupted provision of products and services to clients should be considered the key priority of the semiconductor industry. In this regard, this paper presents a systematic and proactive operational framework for the semiconductor industry to effectively anticipate, resist, and recover from disasters. The framework is composed of three phases: emergency response team, crisis management, and business continuity plan. The contents of these phases are discussed, and related workable procedures and measures are recommended to practitioners to ensure that organizations can continue to operate in the most adverse situations and thus remain viable and profitable during and after the crisis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超临界直流炉典型启动系统对比分析

介绍了新型的超临界直流炉的启动系统,其大多为采用带内置式分离器和炉水循环泵的启动系统,按炉水循环泵与给水泵联接方式的不同可以把启动系统分为串联与并联2种型式。通过对2种具有不同型式启动系统的600 MW超临界直流炉的调试,从系统布置、控制特性及分离器水位变化特性3个方面进行了比较分析,认为串联式启动系统具有系统布置简单可靠、运行安全性高和水位易于控制的优点,更适于超临界火电机组启动及低负荷工况的安全稳定运行。     

进口炉水泵电机改造方案优化及改进措施

炉水泵是电站强制循环锅炉系统的关键设备,其电机与常规的水泵电机相比,在工作条件、设备制造技术、检修维护和故障率等方面有着显著的特点。针对宝钢电厂1号和2号发电机组进口炉水泵电机的正常老化,分析了原因及发展趋势,提出炉水泵电机进行更换或改造检修的4个可能的方案。经过经济性、可靠性及实施难度的比较,得出并实施了优化的改造方案。通过采取相应的技术改进措施,完全解决了进口炉水泵电机的老化问题,既提高了设备运行的可靠性,又降低了成本。     

苏州地铁车站咬合桩围护结构的关键施工控制技术

以苏州地铁南施街站咬合桩围护结构应用为例,分析了咬合桩施工过程中咬合桩桩位控制、超缓凝混凝土的缓凝时间、桩内"混凝土管涌"的控制、"拔桩"的控制、分段施工节点连接控制等关键技术,开展了不同施工阶段下的基坑测斜变形观测研究。监测结果表明,围护墙体两端变形小、中间变形大,最大侧移点深度随着开挖不断下移,且最大侧向位移监测值始终在警戒值范围内,施工一直处于安全可控状态。     

绿红双发光层有机电致磷光器件的载流子调控研究

制备了结构为ITO/MoO3(40nm)/NPB(40nm)/TCTA(10nm)/CBP∶GIR1(14%)(x)/CBP∶R-4B(6%)(30-x)/BCP(10nm)/AlQ(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/AL(100nm)的绿红磷光器件。通过调节红绿发光层的相对厚度,对器件的发光性能进行了研究。结果表明:x为15nm,电压为6V,电流密度为255.6mA/cm2,得到最高电流效率为15.4cd/A,红色发光峰值强度相对较大,绿色峰值稍弱的电致发光光谱。分析原因可能是掺杂染料与临近层的能级匹配和浓度等会影响发光层载流子注入与传输;空穴及电子阻挡层对发光层内载流子和激子的有效限制作用会提高掺杂染料在发光层的复合几率;另外,CBP的空穴迁移率大于电子迁移率,发光的主要区域位于发光层与BCP界面,掺杂于该区域的R-4B具有较高的发光强度。