Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery

Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery.     

一种MGPM/Opal固-固相变储能材料的相变及结晶行为

采用含有相变单元的单体缩聚法合成了侧链含有聚乙二醇单甲醚（MPEG）的新型固-固相变储能复合材料（相变共聚物缩写名称为（MGPM）/蛋白石（opal））,通过广角X射线衍射（WAXD）、差热扫描量热仪（DSC）和热台偏光显微镜（POM）、热重（TG）等测试手段对其结晶结构、结晶行为、结晶形态和热稳定性进行了研究,结果表...     

A survey of efficient MDCT implementations in MP3 audio coding standard: Retrospective and state-of-the-art

This tutorial paper describes various efficient implementations (published and new unpublished) of the forward and backward modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) in the MPEG layer III (MP3) audio coding standard developed in the time period 1990-2010, including the efficient implementation of polyphase filter banks for completeness. The efficient MDCT implementations are discussed in the context of (fast) complete analysis/synthesis MDCT filter banks in the MP3 encoder and decoder. In general, for each efficient forward/backward MDCT block transforms implementation are presented: complete formulas or sparse matrix factorizations of the algorithm, the corresponding signal flow graph for the short audio block and the total arithmetic complexity as well as the useful comments related to improving the arithmetic complexity and a possible structural simplification of the algorithm. Finally, all efficient forward/backward MDCT implementations are compared both in terms of the arithmetic complexity and structural simplicity. It is important to note that almost all presented algorithms can be also used for the 2ⁿ-length data blocks in others MPEG audio coding standards and proprietary audio compression algorithms.     

多媒体信源编码在增强现实领域的最新标准化研究进展

阐述了多媒体信源编码在增强现实领域的标准化研究进展,介绍了ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29所做MPEG系列标准在此方面的贡献,及可行的应用.     

关于IP数字电视前端的新思考

三网融合促进广电运营商由单向广播业务向双向互动业务转变,广电运营商与电信运营商在业务上同质化发展,形成交叉和竞争,业务内容的相近和相同驱使双方在网络结构上相互渗透。近几年来广电运营商根据新业务的需求,在网内引入互联网技术,使传统ASI前端向IP化前端过渡,以打破ASI前端在业务拓展方面的限制,不断探索IP前端下增值业务的发展,并不断挖掘IP前端在新的市场环境中所能起到的作用,阐述IP前端在技术上的优势并讨论其对广电运营商平台建设和对新业务的有力支撑。     

一种基于压缩域的视频镜头检测方法

针对传统的基于空域的视频镜头检测算法需要解压缩,计算量大、效率低的缺点,提出了一种基于压缩域的视频镜头检测方法。该方法首先根据MPEG压缩标准,从视频流中提取I帧中8个低频DCT系数,并对其进行分区加权求二次帧差,从而确定镜头变换所在的GoP;在GoP中通过计算P帧和B帧的不同类型宏块比率,来精确定位镜头边界。实验结果表明,该方法可大大减少计算时间和数据量,且具有良好的检测效果。     

A probabilistic approach for video stabilisation in compressed domain

Machine vision systems, which are being extensively used for intelligent transportation applications, such as traffic monitoring and automatic navigation, suffer from image instability caused by environment unstable conditions. On the other hand, by increasing the use of home video cameras which sometimes need to remove unwanted camera movement, which is created by cameraman shaking hands, video stabilisation algorithms are being considered. The video stabilisation process consists of three essential phases: global motion estimation, intentional motion estimation and motion compensation. Motion estimation process is the main time consuming part of global motion estimation phase. Using motion vectors extracted directly from MPEG compressed video, instead of any other special feature, can increase the algorithm generality. In addition, it provides the facility for integrating video stabilisation and video compression subsystems and removing the block matching phase from video stabilisation procedure. Elimination of any iterative outlier removal preprocessing and adaptive selection of motion vectors has increased speed of the algorithm. Although deterministic approaches are faster than the related probabilistic methods, they have essential problems in escaping from local optima. For this purpose, particle filters, the ability of which is considerable when submitted to non-linear systems with non-Gaussian noises, are utilised. Setting the parameters of the particle filter using a fuzzy control system reduces the incorrect intentional camera motion removal. The proposed method is simulated and applied to video stabilisation problem and its high performance on various video sequences is demonstrated.     

Increased activity of Chromobacterium viscosum lipase in AOT reverse micelles in the presence of short chain methoxypolyethylene glycol

The activity of Chromobacterium viscosum lipase (glycerol‐ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) entrapped in AOT/isooctane and AOT/Tween 85/isooctane reverse micelles was significantly increased by the addition of short chain methoxypolyethylene glycols (MPEGs), taking the hydrolysis of olive oil as a model reaction. The molecular weight of MPEG had a strong effect on the lipase activity, and MPEG of nominal molecular weight 550 was found to be the most effective. To optimize the factors affecting enzymatic hydrolysis of olive oil in reverse micellar systems containing MPEG 550, the effect of various parameters, such as W_o (molar ratio of water to surfactant), pH, ionic strength, surfactant concentration and temperature were investigated. A kinetic model considering the substrate adsorption equilibrium between the bulk phase of organic solvent and the micellar phase was also successfully used to understand the enzyme activity in the presence of MPEG 550. Both the Michaelis constant and the substrate adsorption equilibrium constant were obviously reduced as compared with those obtained in the simple AOT reverse micellar system. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

VB环境下压缩数据流播放技术

阐述了数据流播放的实际意义 ,分析了数据流播放的实现原理 ,以及在VB环境下如何实现对数据流的采集和播放