Machine learning algorithm selection for windage alteration fault diagnosis of mine ventilation system

Machine learning algorithms have been widely used in mine fault diagnosis. The correct selection of the suitable algorithms is the key factor that affects the fault diagnosis. However, the impact of machine learning algorithms on the prediction performance of mine fault diagnosis models has not been fully evaluated. In this study, the windage alteration faults (WAFs) diagnosis models, which are based on K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree (DT), are constructed. Furthermore, the applicability of these four algorithms in the WAFs diagnosis is explored by a T-type ventilation network simulation experiment and the field empirical application research of Jinchuan No. 2 mine. The accuracy of the fault location diagnosis for the four models in both networks was 100%. In the simulation experiment, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between the predicted values and the real values of the fault volume of the four models was 0.59%, 97.26%, 123.61%, and 8.78%, respectively. The MAPE for the field empirical application was 3.94%, 52.40%, 25.25%, and 7.15%, respectively. The results of the comprehensive evaluation of the fault location and fault volume diagnosis tests showed that the KNN model is the most suitable algorithm for the WAFs diagnosis, whereas the prediction performance of the DT model was the second-best. This study realizes the intelligent diagnosis of WAFs, and provides technical support for the realization of intelligent ventilation.     

Estimating long-term time-resolved indoor PM2.5 of outdoor and indoor origin using easily obtainable inputs

To evaluate the separate impacts on human health and establish effective control strategies, it is crucial to estimate the contribution of outdoor infiltration and indoor emission to indoor PM_2.5 in buildings. This study used an algorithm to automatically estimate the long-term time-resolved indoor PM_2.5 of outdoor and indoor origin in real apartments with natural ventilation. The inputs for the algorithm were only the time-resolved indoor/outdoor PM_2.5 concentrations and occupants’ window actions, which were easily obtained from the low-cost sensors. This study first applied the algorithm in an apartment in Tianjin, China. The indoor/outdoor contribution to the gross indoor exposure and time-resolved infiltration factor were automatically estimated using the algorithm. The influence of outdoor PM_2.5 data source and algorithm parameters on the estimated results was analyzed. The algorithm was then applied in four other apartments located in Chongqing, Shenyang, Xi'an, and Urumqi to further demonstrate its feasibility. The results provided indirect evidence, such as the plausible explanations for seasonal and spatial variation, to partially support the success of the algorithm used in real apartments. Through the analysis, this study also identified several further development directions to facilitate the practical applications of the algorithm, such as robust long-term outdoor PM_2.5 monitoring using low-cost light-scattering sensors.     

The home environment in a nationwide sample of multi-family buildings in Sweden: associations with ocular,nasal, throat and dermal symptoms,headache, and fatigue among adults

Risk factors at home for ocular, nasal, throat and dermal symptoms, headache, and fatigue were studied in a nationwide questionnaire survey in Sweden, the BETSI study in 2006. Totally, 5775 adults from a stratified random sample of multi-family buildings participated. Associations between home environment factors and weekly symptoms were analyzed by multi-level logistic regression. In total, 8.3% had ocular symptoms; 11.9% nasal symptoms; 7.1% throat symptoms; 11.9% dermal symptoms; 8.5% headache and 23.1% fatigue. Subjects in colder climate zones had more mucosal and throat symptoms but less fatigue and ocular symptoms. Rented apartments had poorer indoor environment than self-owned apartments. Those living in buildings constructed from 1961 to 1985 had most symptoms. Building dampness, mold and mold odor were risk factors, especially headache and ocular symptoms. Lack of mechanical ventilation system was another risk factor, especially for headache. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), electric radiators, and crowdedness were other risk factors. Oiled wooden floors, recent indoor painting, and new floor materials were negatively associated with symptoms. In conclusion, building dampness, mold, poor ventilation conditions, crowdedness, ETS, and emissions from electric radiators in apartments in Sweden can increase the risk of ocular, nasal, throat and dermal symptoms, headache, and fatigue.     

The Art of Masonry

Brick masonry is not only a question of building physics, building construction and durability, i.e. sustainability, but has much to do with aesthetics and making sense, which may have been forgotten in modern architecture with its absolute lack of décor. Masonry as an art form has been scarce since the era of brick expressionism. Recently, there have been some exceptions – and thoroughly welcome. The ”Fjordenhus“ in Vejle, Denmark, is an astonishing example.     

井下通风、排水及压缩空气设备选型设计

依据井下通风方式及瓦斯含量对井下通风设备进行了选型设计,给出了进行反风时的通风机工作特性以及通风机的电控形式;对井下排水设备和压缩空气设备进行了选型设计。井下工程实践表明,所选用的设备可满足矿井的正常生产需要。     

住宅新风系统风量分配装置压力平衡研究

为确保住宅建筑新风系统风量的合理分配,本文提出了一种新风系统设计方法,并通过计算流体力学模拟了一体积较小且带有六个出口的风量分配装置,以在不同位置设置不同长度的导流板的方式,得出在两侧设置长度为43 mm的导流板,在中心设置长度为44 mm导流板时,可以实现在一定风量范围内达到风量平衡且出口压力相等。     

井下均压通风防灭火分析

以井下均压通风防灭火为对象开展探究。结合具体工程实际,在分析煤层自燃风险性的基础上,探究了均压通风防灭火的原理,并总结了均压通风防灭火技术的实践应用。结果表明,均压通风防灭火技术的应用实现了对采空区遗煤自燃的有效防治,对提升矿井作业安全性效果显著。     

入口弯管对矿用轴流通风机气动性能影响的数值研究

以某大型矿用低压轴流式通风机为研究对象, 采用气体动力学性能试验和数值模拟的方法研究了不同入口弯管对风机性能的影响, 重点分析了入口弯管引起的叶轮内部流动特征和损失分布的变化规律。研究结果表明, 风机入口采用弯管连接缩短了进口管道的轴向长度, 节省了地下空间, 但同时来流的均匀性受到影响。弯管内气流速度梯度较大, 管道内侧易发生流动分离, 产生回流区, 增大了流体流动时的能量损失, 风机的整体性能下降。弯管与叶轮入口之间的连接长度会影响内部流场, 当附加直管段较长时, 来流均匀性得到提高, 风机性能有所改善。     

主溜井排尘与生产分区并联回风技术研究

四川某矿山东部上部作业区域处于东、西部分区通风系统之外，针对原主通风系统无法负担此区域的实际情况，为节省新系统投资及建设周期，研究利用其1#主溜井排尘通风系统与此区域形成并联回风通路的方式解决该区域通风问题，即东部上部区域端部回风井污风与排尘风井污风并联回风汇至上部汇风中段，汇集污风统一经由上部排尘风机排至地表，该系统方案既保障了矿井东部上部作业中段（分段）生产用风与溜井排尘用风的需求，同时节约矿井东部上部系统独立建设及运行成本。     

大豆预处理车间除尘风网及防燃、防爆措施

大豆预处理车间的粉尘分为干式粉尘和湿式粉尘。粉尘易引起设备故障和车间污染,在限定空间和条件下会发生粉尘阴燃、起火甚至爆炸，给安全生产带来隐患。针对这些问题，根据大豆预处理工艺和设备的特点设计除尘风网和工艺风网。对大豆预处理车间的除尘风网和工艺风网进行了介绍。为减少含尘气体排放，除尘风网采取循环风设计，对可能出现阴燃、起火的溜管、弯头、设备的下料接管积尘处，以及可能出现粉尘爆炸的筒仓进行防燃、防爆和抑爆处理。通过对4 000 t/d 大豆压榨厂含尘气体排放实测表明，预处理车间的风网运行稳定，实现了安全和清洁生产。